GIS Analysis Of Endemic Fluorosis On Drinking Water In Zibo

Objectives To understand the status and the dynamics of water fluoride in Zibo, and to assess security risks and health hazards of water fluoride, providing technical basis for the disease forecasting and water fluoride health interventions.Methods The terminal water fluoride monitoring datas of rural drinking water project were collected in Zibo in2008～2012. GIS (Geographic Information System) technology was applied to carry out a spatial analysis of water fluoride.Results Global spatial autocorrelation Moran’s I showed the water fluoride distribution with significant spatial clustering in Zibo. Local spatial autocorrelation Moran LISA and localized hot spots (Getis-Ord Gi*) analysis indicated different aggregation types of water fluoride distribution, namely the High-High regions of Gaoqing county, north and south of Huantai county, north of Zhangdian district, northeast of Boshan district, and northwest of Yiyuan county, the Low-Low regions of the most of Yiyuan county, the Low-High regions of northeast of Boshan district. Kriging spatial interpolation found transmeridional thing of high fluoride. Kernel density estimation (KDE) showing many equivalent areas of high fluoride, concentrated in the town of Gaocheng and Tangfang in Gaoqing county, Qifeng and Jingjia in Huantai county, Baita in Boshan district, Xujiazhuang in Yiyuan county. Trend surface analysis (TSA) indicated a gradually increasing trend of water fluoride from southeast to northwest. Gaoqing county had the largest number of serious endemic fluorosis areas, where children had the highest prevalence of dental fluorosis and the rate of water improvement was the lowest.Conclusions It is overall in low trend of the endemic fluorosis in Zibo. Gaoqing county was the most serious areas, for future focus on prevention and control. High fluoride repeatedly and newly occurred in drinking water project now and then. There is a spatial correspondence between distribution of endemic fluorosis in2012and the water fluoride concentration. GIS analysis on disease forecasting and health interventions possessed scientific significance.