| Research Background:Along with the development of the economy, vast number of young adults from rural area swarmed into the urban area, leaving their young children home due to a variety of reasons, such as registered permanent residence. And these create a new group named the "left-behind" children. Preschool children at the age0to5years old which dominating major part among them unable to get their parents nursing and educating, as one or both of their parents are working outside. This research mainly focuses on the group of these preschool children, at the age0to5, because previous studies on this area are quite few and this age group is extremely important during the whole life. These "left-behind" children at this age stage grow under such special circumstance usually have various differences comparing to others. And the conditions of both physical and mental health not only refer to themselves, but also relate to the construction of new socialist rural and the harmonious socialist society. Under the background of the Chinese Dream, the development in an all-around way of these "left-behind" children will influence the future of one generation, or even the whole country and nationality directly.Research Objectives:In this research, the current situations of physical development and mental health of the "left-behind" children and other children had been investigated. The differences between these two groups had been compared and the affect factors had been discussed. Several suggestions were given to improve this issue. Also this research can provide scientific basis for relative decision making.Materials and Methods:Stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this research.4villages and towns of Gaotang County, Liaocheng City and3villages and towns of Changqing District, Jinan City in the west and east of Shandong Province respectively were chosen as the sampling areas. All children at the age from0to5were investigated from1to3kindergartens in each village and town according to the population size.The Growth and Development Reference Standard Scale of Chinese Children at The Age from0to7Years, issued by Health and Family Planning Commission2009, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and self-made questionnaires were applied. SPSS was used to analysis datum in the software of Epidata. Descriptive analysis of general conditions was down toward the "left-behind" and other children. A t-test and a Chi-square test were performed to compare the physical and mental conditions between these two groups. Furthermore, logistic regression was utilized in seeking the affect factors of the physical and mental health of the "left-behind" and other children.Main Results:1. The detection rates for dysplasia in height of the "left-behind" children are higher than other children.2. The detection rates for dysplasia in weight of the "left-behind" children are higher than other children.3. The detection rates for abnormal in the total point of SDQ score of the "left-behind" children are higher than other children.4. Single and multiple factor analysis reveal that the possible affect factors of dysplasia in height of children include:is the child "left-behind" child or not, does the sick child see a doctor in2weeks or not, do the guardian know health and rational collocation of diets or not, the attitude of guardian, do the guardian provide health-care product to child or not. Among these, the second and third factors make the major contribution to dysplasia in height of the "left-behind" children. 5. Single and multiple factor analysis reveal that the possible affect factors of dysplasia in weight of children include:is the child "left-behind" child or not, the education level of the parents, do the guardian know healthy diet or not, do the guardian have confidence in raising a child or not. Among these, the education level of mother and does the guardian have confidence in raising a child or not make the major contribution to dysplasia in weight of the "left-behind" children.6. Single and multiple factor analysis reveal that the possible affect factors of dysplasia in mental health of children include:is the child "left-behind" child or not, does the family have belt, child got sick in2week, do the guardian know healthy lifestyle or not, do the guardian know planned immunization or not, do the guardian provide health-care product to child or not, the dietary habit of child, the attitude and feelings of the guardian. Among these, the whether the parents working outside provide economic support regularly or not, do the guardian lack of concern to child, do the guardian feel difficult to raise a child make the major contribution to dysplasia in mental health of the "left-behind" children.Conclusions and Suggestions:1. The problems about the "left-behind" children should bring to the attentions of the families, governments and society.2. The guardian of children, especially the "left-behind" children need adopt correct rearing patterns to promote the education level of the children. Moreover, giving more attentions and communications to children is required to create a positive environment.3. Kindergartens and relevant departments ought to take comprehensive approaches to assist children overcome the difficulties during growing-up making them all-round and healthy development. |
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