Study On Physical Nutritional Status And Influencing Factors Of Bone Mineral Density Of Preschool Children In Hefei City

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the physical nutritional status and dietary behavior of preschool children and to analyze the influencing factors of bone mineral density in children.Methods: A total of 1557(839 boys and 718 girls)aged 3-6 years preschool children from two kindergartens in the urban and suburban areas of Hefei by random cluster sampling from August 2017 to July 2018 participated in this study.We collected data of demographic,dietary behavior and anthropometric measurement from the preschool children.The growth and development variables such as weight,height,waist circumference and hip circumference of the children were compared with those of the nine cities in China by independent sample t-test.The relevant factors and indicators were analyzed by univariate analysis,and the statistics significant variables were furtherly analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: The average birth weight of the children was(3383±491)g,the low birth weight rate was 2.6%,the macrosomia rate was 10.3%,and the premature birth rate was 6.1%.The height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference of preschool children in Hefei increased with age.There were significant differences in height,weight,waist circumference and hip circumference between genders of preschool children(P<0.05);There were significant difference in height,weight and hip measurements between children living in different place(P<0.05);The waist circumference of children of different age groups and different urban-rural of Hefei is higher than that of children of nine cities in China;The Body mass index(BMI)of children of different age groups of Hefei is higher than that of children of nine cities in China.The rate of children's wasting was 1%,the overweight rate was 14.13%,and the obesity rate was 10.79%.The physical measurement results of preschool children in Hefei found that: hemoglobin 0.9%;vitamin D deficiency 42.4%;bone density deficiency 46.0%.There were significant differences in the rates of bone mineral density deficiency among different age groups(P < 0.001).A total of 1126(72.3%)preschool children in Hefei have dietary and behavioral problems.The rate of children with dietary behavior problems in urban areas was lower than that in suburban areas(P<0.05).The body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and BMI of preschool children with bone mineral density deficiency in Hefei city were higher than those of normal group,with significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the rates of bone mineral density deficiency among different body type groups(P< 0.001).There were significant differences in the influence of children's outdoor activity time,main adopters,parents' educational level,mother's occupational classification,parents' working hours outside and children's bone mineral density measurement season on children's bone mineral density(P<0.05).The child weight and major support are risk factors for bone mineral density deficiency in children(1.083[1.049,1.119],1.337[1.045,1.709]).Children's outdoor activity time,age and child's place of residence are protective factors for bone mineral density deficiency in children(0.73[0.594,0.897],0.673[0.551,0.833],0.677[0.569,0.778]).Conclusion: The weight,waist circumference and BMI of preschool children in Hefei City were higher than those of nine cities in China;The rate of children with dietary behavior problems in urban areas was lower than that in suburban areas;The rate of children with dietary behavior problems in the thin group was higher than that in the normal group and the overweight-obesity group;The rate of children with bone mineral density deficiency in urban areas was higher than that in suburban areas;Maintaining normal physical development,parental upbringing,and moderate outdoor activity time can be advantaged to bone mineral density in children.The problem of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Hefei is serious,and parents of overweight-obesity group paid less attention to children's dietary behavior problems.Families,kindergartens and maternal and child health(MCH)institutions should actively educate children's parents about keeping physical nutritional status.,a healthy nutritional balanced diet,appropriate outdoor activities and good living habits.