Research On Geography Laws And Environment Mechanism About Epidemic Disease Of Anhui Province In Qing Dynasty

Epidemic disaster is a kind of natural disaster that is caused by the prevalence of acute infectious disease and leads to large-scale human death.During Qing Dynasty in Anhui Province,72out of268years occurred epidemics, with an average of3.72years one epidemic, and the epidemic frequency was26.9%. These epidemics involved53counties,which the breadth of the epidemics was88.3%, and the accumulative epidemic counties added up to184.For the temporal distribution, Xuantong Era had the maximum epidemic frequency and Shunzhi Era had the minimum epidemic frequency. Epidemics mainly occurred in summer or autumn in Anhui area of the Qing dynasty. In terms of the cycle distribution, the trend line represents as an extended M-shape curve with the appearance of five wave peaks and six wave troughs, which indicates that the general fluctuation range of Anhui epidemic disease in Qing Dynasty was moderate and that the Epidemic disease mainly happened in the middle and later periods of Qing Dynasty. For the spatial distribution, the counties in Anhui Province were suffered by epidemic during every dynasty in Qing period, and the number was the most in Qianlong dynasty. These counties’spatial distributions were varied from time to time, and presented with platy, strip-shaped and scattered dot scope. On the prefecture differences, the prefecture of Luzhou had the highest epidemic frequency and the biggest epidemic thickness. On the overall characteristics, the highest rate of epidemics region is Luzhou prefecture, the lowest rate of epidemics region is Huizhou prefecture, and the other prefectures were transitional zones.The epidemic focus moved from the south to north, but was within Luzhou prefecture in the middle and later periods.For the environmental mechanism of epidemics, regional environmental characteristics, natural disasters, and climate change are the three main aspects which affected the occurrence of epidemics in Anhui province. Both the natural environment which contains terrain,climate, hydrology, river and the social environment which contains political, demographic, economic, transportation, war, custom and other factors in Anhui, have the distinct impact on the spatial and temporal distribution rule of epidemic disease. On natural disasters, flood was the main fator leading to the epidemic disease in Anhui aera, with the correlation index reaching up to0.558under the confidence lecel0.05. The highest rate of the flood disaster distributed in Huaihe river and Yangtze river, leading to the nearby couties and prefectures had the maximum epidemic frequency. Drought, Earthquake, and Locust disaster can cause the epidemic disease in some condition, while there is weak correlation with the feature of spatial and temporal distribution of Anhui epidemic disease, while the correlation index was0.316,0.384,0.115under the confidence lecel0.05. On climate change, the ten-year epidemic index is inversely proportional to the ten-year severe winter index and ten-year warm winter index, which indicated that epidemics tend to be easier to occur when the climate is colder.And the ten-year epidemic index is inversely proportional to the drought and flood rank sequence basically, and continuous drought is prone to cause epidemic disasters.