The Cord Blood Lipid And Adiponectin Concentrations And Their Association In Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

BackgroundBoth patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and offspringof mothers with GDM are high risk population of metabolic syndrome(MetS). Adiponectin (ApN) is a kind of adipocytokine secreated by theadipose tissue, it has the properties of insulin sensitizing,anti-antherosclerosis. Low circulating ApN is highly associated with thedevelopment of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and MetS. Butthere is limited study about the cord blood lipid and ApN concentration andtheir association in mothers with GDM.ObjectiveTo investigate the cord blood lipid and adiponectin concentrations andtheir association in GDM mothers.MethodsTwenty five women with GDM and25women with normal glucosetolerance (NGT) were evaluated at elective cesarean delivery. Cord bloodwas obtained for measurement of blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and adiponectin. Ponderal index (PI) was used to estimate fetal nutrition.Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was usedto estimate fetal insulin resistance.ResultsPI, cord blood insulin concentration and HOMA-IR in the GDM groupwas significantly higher compared to the NGT group；whereas cord bloodadiponectin concentration was significantly lower (P=0.001,0.008,0.034,0.032). In the NGT group, cord blood adiponectin concentration positivelyassociated with birth weight and length (r=0.453,0.408, P=0.023,0.043),but not in the GDM group. In the NGT group, cord blood adiponectinconcentration positively associated with cord blood TG concentration(r’=0.512, P’=0.030); in the GDM group, cord blood adiponectinconcentration negatively associated with cord blood concentrations of TG,TC and LDL-C (r’=-0.611,-0.653,-0.648, P’=0.012,0.006,0.007).Conclusions(1) The offspring of mothers with GDM has higher cord bloodconcentration of insulin, lower ApN and insulin sensitivity at birthcompared to offspring of mothers with NGT.(2) The association with cord blood ApN and the newborn’s growth wassignificantly different between the GDM and NGT group.(3) The association with cord blood ApN and cord blood lipid wassignificantly different between the GDM and NGT group.