| 1970s acupuncture education in its infancy in the United States. Only a few acupuncture schools in the country, in addition, there are scattered in the division with only form of acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine education.1980s, acupuncture education has entered a period of development. California, New York, the south coast of New Mexico and Florida, was established school in succession. By the early1990s, the number of acupuncture schools in the United States is increasing rapidly, into the highly development period. Into the21st century, the growth in the number of traditional acupuncture and Chinese medicine school has come down. However, these schools are to mature and deepen the direction of development. Performance in the followings:The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine review of the school, Council of College of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, school under the guidance of the concept, principles, and to the development of the established goals. Failed to pass the review of the school, gradually shrink and disappear.In the United States, Acupuncture Education is divided into professional education and comprehensive universities acupuncture education. the master’s level education is the beginning of professional acupuncture education, typically contain master’s and doctoral education, because each state has specific laws for the regulation of acupuncture, which leads to each state for the practice of acupuncture and acupuncture education different attitude. Some states not only allow the practice of acupuncture, but also allows Acupuncture school education or have specialized acupuncture school; Some states allow the practice of acupuncture but not allow acupuncture schooling; Some states even not allow acupuncturists practice acupuncture in the state and acupuncture schools. And because of different laws in each state, making interstate practice of acupuncture restricted. Most state laws and regulations have recognized The Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine(ACAOM) identified schools with acupuncture educational qualifications. Therefore, professional education generally refers to a ACAOM acupuncture certification or pre-certification of the school or institution.Acupuncture university education refers to the U.S. some domestic famous university’s School of Medicine opened by professional acupuncture courses. Including elective and compulsory courses. In1993Harvard Medical School began to open alternative medicine courses to students in these courses introduce the main ridge, acupuncture, massage therapy and herbal medicine and other aspects of the theory and treatment methods, these interdisciplinary research methods and the latest progress, traditional medicine practice licenses and norms as well as federal and state legislation related to alternative medicine. Harvard Medical School also required to attend courses on students’ end of the course, be able to independently design a method for evaluating a traditional medical treatment or preparation of experiments roadmap. They often take the form of teaching methods and the main lectures, presentations and live demonstrations practitioners spot diagnosis and treatment of patients. Western medical school of traditional Chinese medicine courses are mainstream popularity in the United States and the Western United States to deepen understanding of Chinese medicine plays an important role, more significant in large part to avoid the misunderstanding of Chinese medicine and Western medicine exclusion, in development of Chinese medicine in the United States played a major role.The kind of Acupuncturists education in the United States, including the Master of Education, doctoral education, post-doctoral education, continuing education and division with only education.Introduction to the master’s in education is the teaching of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture in the United States. A master’s degree education is basic education. This includes the degree of Acupuncture Master and TCM Master. On the basis of pre-university two years before moving up to3-4years. In practice, however, these students, more than50%have obtained a bachelor’s degree, In addition, some students have master’s degree, doctorate, or other medical titles such as doctors, nurses, chiropractic therapists, etc.The clinical Doctor degree just started. In2005, ACAOM began to accept the application of acupuncture the faculties clinical doctoral teaching for the first time. In2007by the first school of doctoral education projects start. So far this teaching project still is forward-looking. Currently, Doctor degree through ACAOM audit school is on five, four being reviewed.National Institute of Health for Complementary and Alternative Medicine postdoctoral project began in1996, the eligibility criteria shall have the title of Dr., Western medicine doctors, pharmacology Dr. biomedical etc. research method is biomedicine ways, the duration of education is variable, generally three years, the goal of education is to train senior research talent in alternative medicine, including acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine.Today’s highly competitive American society, coupled with fast-paced lifestyles, people are tense mood all day, often appear such as headaches, insomnia, anxiety, irritability and other mental illnesses, including a variety of diseases and symptoms, including long-term taking medicine Not only effective treatment is minimal, and the cause dependence and side effects, the recurrence rate is also high. The emergence of acupuncture to bring them new hope, in the "return to nature" slogan under the influence, people abandoned chemical synthetic drug turned to acupuncture this natural therapy.In recent years, with the rapid development of the United States of acupuncture, acupuncture research has also been widespread concern. NIH was established in1992in AOM (Alternative Medicine Office) on alternative medicine, including acupuncture annual allocation of＄10million (increasing every year) in research funding, including a lot of acupuncture items. Harvard, Yale and other universities also bear some well-known aspects of acupuncture research, and have made some promising research results.Prior to1992in the United States a variety of traditional acupuncture and other therapies, as carried out mostly in private clinics. Since the beginning of1992, some of the regular hospital and State University School of Medicine have set up acupuncture clinic or Integrative Medicine Clinic. In addition, some traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture schools with clinics, such as:Affiliated clinics in America, received an average of2,000patients per year, of which90%were white.According to statistics, there are about practicing acupuncturists nationwide nearly30,000, of which more than5,000Western acupuncturists. Currently, acupuncture clinic projects can be undertaken are:①needle into the patient’s body can be;②make electrical stimulation therapy acupuncture device:③cupping;④massage and acupressure;⑤moxibustion treatment, but not for fire needle, buried the needle, scraping and other treatment. Their fees within the prescribed by the physician according to the technical level and the patient’s own circumstances by the physician’s discretion. Now, in the United States engaged in the acupuncture profession, is no longer just a job only in order to maintain their livelihood, but also may be able to have a considerable income. According to the2002U.S. occupation investigating authorities to statistics, in the United States more than30,000kinds of occupations, acupuncturists have entered a "100U.S. expected occupation" ranks.With the pharmaceutical industry in the United States continues to deepen the two countries TCM academic exchange and cooperation has been strengthened. In addition to exchange of scholars education lectures, study tours, but also jointly organized a number of international conferences in Chinese medicine. Only in1993year, held in the U.S. larger traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture aspects of academic conferences there10times. Participate in China organized by the international acupuncture training course to learn the number of participants in the United States top the list. China and the U.S. in San Francisco and Los Angeles also have Chinese Medicine Research Institute in collaboration academic exchanges. Although these exchanges to private individual, group as the main body, the lack of a direct link between the two governments, but for now the situation to carry out academic exchanges, these activities for the further development of Chinese medicine in the United States, had played a positive role in promoting effect.In the United States, there are currently more than2,000commercial health insurance companies, offers a variety of health insurance plans for the insured to choose. Health Maintenance Organization’s (HMO) health insurance plan is a relatively large insurance program, patients are required in their family physicians recommendation to treatment in specialist (specialist, acupuncturists also specialist in one part). The physician or acupuncturist and health insurance companies need to be signed and authorized for a particular physician or health insurance acupuncturist. In recent years, some of the larger health insurance companies, such as Oxford Health Plan, BlueCross, Health Net, PHCS, CIGNA, United Healthcare, etc. are starting to accept health insurance acupuncturists to join its network. Relative to the HMO health insurance plans, Preferred Provide Organization(PPO) health insurance plan will allow patients to choose physicians, patients without going through their family physician’s recommendation can be directly received treatment in specialist physicians according to their own criteria to consider reasonable fees charged by health insurance companies charge the patient’s treatment.Founded in1982, The National Certification commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine(NCCAOM) is America’s only by virtue of the provision of specialist examinations or certificates issued to validate the card holder with acupuncture and Oriental medicine clinical primary qualification of the body. By NCCAOM certification or by NCCAOM certification exam scores are required for competent43states and the District of Columbia acupuncturists written proof that98%of the states in order to regulate the practice of acupuncture.Because of the United States Department of Education of acupuncture and oriental medicine colleges and universities have no direct management, the acupuncture group will undertake the responsibility. Relevant organizations are:(1) Council of Colleges of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine is approved by the school as a member of the council, formulate principles and policies in the field of acupuncture and oriental medicine education, and on behalf of acupuncture of traditional Chinese medicine education join in the United States government medical decisions;(2) American Academy of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine is branch from the CCAOM organization and merging with other organizations. Recognised by the U.S. Department of Education. Now it is a subordinate institutions, and responsible for the standard of acupuncture and Oriental medicine colleges and universities education regulation and approval;(3) The National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine is responsible for The supervision and enforcement certificate test. Is independent of the three, but they are connected. CCAOM set of traditional Chinese medicine decisions, including the standard of education. ACAOM according to law and policy review and put forward specific education standards and rules. NCCAOM according to ACAOM standards for the inspection. The three were each made to the same series, to form the three pillars of the institutions of American acupuncture education field. This reflects the policy of legislation, law enforcement, and supervision of the separation of ownership and mutual restraint system. |
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