Incidence Trends And Epideniological Characteristics Of Intestinal Communicable Disease In Tai’an City

ObjectiveDescriptive epidemiology was used to analy the data obtained from intestinalcommunicable disease from1993to2011to learn the incidence trends andepidemiological characteristics. It can provide scientific theory evidence for takingmeasures to preventing and controlling intestinal communicable diseases.MethodsThe data of incidence situation of intestinal communicable disease (cholera, entericfever, bacillary dysentery, other infectious diarrhea, hepatitis, hand-foot-mouth disease)form1993to2011in Tai’an city were collected and analized. Descriptive epidemiology,Excel2003and SPSS13.0software were used to analise the epidemiologicalcharacteristics of every kind of disease.Results1. The incidence of intestinal communicable disease can be divided into threedifferent stages. On the first stage from1993to1996, the incidence of diarrhoeal diseasesshowed a downtrend. On the second stage form1997to2007, it showed a ascend trend,but not clear. On the third stage since2008it increased by a large margin.2. From1993to2011, Medical institution had reported seven species and58175casesof intestinal communicable disease with an annual average incidence of56.27100,000.Thetop two diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease and bacillary dysentery, with annualincidences99.75100,000and19.22100,000respectively. The annual incidence of otherinfectious diarrhea, hepatitis A, hepatitis of undifferentiated type, hepatitis E, enteric fever,cholera were9.8100,000,7.45100,000,3.98100,000,0.12100,000,0.08100,000respectively.3. Cases were reported every month from1993to2011.The number increased sinceMarch each year. The peak period was May to September, which owned69.03%cases. Children aged0~3years old, farmers, children aged4～6years old, students, workersrespectively took48.32%,15.91%,11.89%,10.20%,7.25%of all the careers. Every agegroup had cases, while the0～4age group had the most cases,and10～34age group hadsecond most cases, which accounted for56.38%and21.24%of the total cases respectivelyfrom1993to2011.The peak age groups of different diseases varied, which of cholera was15~34age group, which occupied79.75%of the total cases.36287patients were male,while21888female, and the ratio of male to female was1.66:1.4. Different intestinal communicable diseases had different high-risk areas.Cases ofcholera mainly occurred in Taishan district and Daiyue district, which were also thehigh-risk areas of other infectious diarrhea. The high-risk area of enteric fever wasNingyang county; bacillary dysentery was Taishan district; hepatitis A, hepatitis E andhepatitis of undifferentiated type, were Feicheng county,Taishan district and Ningyangcounty; hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) were Taishan district and Ningyang County.5. O1group of Vibrio cholerae Xiaochuan type was isolated from stool specimens ofdiarrhea cases in1998.6.1202stool specimens of HFMD were collected from2008to2011,934of whichwas positive with a percentage of77.70%.The predominant enterovirus of Tai’an city wereEV71and CA16, and the positive rate was74.20%. EV71positive rates were higher in2008,2009and2011. While CA16positive rate was higher in2010.7. Molecular Epidemiological study on specimens of HFMD in Tai’an City indicatedthat the type of EV71were C genotype and C4a subtype and the CA16types had at leasttwo different subtypes, which came from different clones.Conclusions1. The intestinal communicable disease was presently one of the most harmfulinfectious diseases with the highest morbidity and the most influence. It is still one of thefocus of the prevention and control of infectious diseases.2. The incidence of diarrhoeal diseases showed the downtrend since1993. However, ithad increased enormously since HFMD was reported as a notifiable disease in2008.3. HFMD is the most harmful infectious disease in Tai’an city. It is the focus of thework period because its social influence is broad and pubic attention is high.4. The cholera in Tai’an city in1998had been spreaded through food and directcontact.The dietetic and personal hygience play the roles and its can not be ignored in thepathogenesis. so, strengthen the food safety education and impoving personal hygiencehabit are the important means of the prevention and control of infectious diseases. 5. Along with use of hepatitis A vaccine, the incidence of hepatitis A showed adowntrend.6. The incidence of enteric fever in Tai’an city is now at a lower level.