| Wild apricot has rich germplasm resource and strong ecological adaptability, it is an important economic forest specie in western Liaoning. To speed up the process of high-stable yield wild apricot varieties breeding, achieve the goal of improved varieties for production, this research introduce improved genetic resources from Russia, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Jilin and western Liaoning, conduct introduction experiment in Kazuo. Introduction seeds and sciones of wild apricot plus tree to breeding pedigrees and clonal seedlings, observation their growth characteristics, phenological, overwintering conditions, photo synthetic physiological indicators and cold resistance physiological indexs, and then make the evaluation on the adaptability.(1) There are obviously difference in climate, topography, soil and vegetation types of different introduction provenances, but wild apricot can able to survive, widely distribute and form the community in these regions, meanwhile, the vegetation flora in Northwest regional provenances and Northeast provenances are present at intersection with the introduction zones, although Russian provenance is Siberian vegetation flora, but because it is cited from North to South, the survival of wild apricot from Ruaaian will not be a problem.So introduct wild apricot in Kazuo, Liaoning can be likely successful. Comparison the difference of cilmte between introduction region and provenances zones, the results show that extreme temperature and frost-free period may be the main factors that limiting introduce wild apricot from Northwest provenance, extreme high temperature, growth period, accumulated temperature and sunshine duration are the possible factors that limiting introduce wild apricot from Zalantun in Inner Mongolia and Russian.(2) Seedling emergence rate or graft survival rate have small differences among wild apricot pedigrees or clones from different provenances, there has no relationship with provenances. There have obviously difference in preservation rate of wild apricot pedigrees and clones from differences provenances. Local wild apricot and Zalantun provenance pedigrees have low preservation rate because severe flooding, the other provenances have higher preservation rate. The highest preservation rate are introduction clones from western Liaoning, Russian provenance have higher preservation rate than Inner Mongolia provenance, wild apricot clones from Gansu, Ningxia provenance are basically died.(3) Seedling growth of wild apricot pedigrees have obvious correlation with provenance, present that with latitude increase, seedling growth becomes smaller. Based on seedling growth,11provenance can be initially divided into three categories:fast-growing type, growth medium type, slow-growing type. Seedling height of clones have strong correlation with provenance, Kazuo and adjoining provenance as the center have higher seedling height, with the distance farther, seedling highet radially decrease; seedling diameter of clones have no correlation with provenances.(4) Phenological have little difference between pedigrees and clones of wild apricot from same provenance, phenological of wild apricot from different provenances have significant differences, phenological delays when south species introduce in norther region, phenological early when north species introduce in south region.(5) Cold resistance of wild apricot pedigrees from different provenances have no relationship with provenances, based on the cold tolerance index R, select62pedigrees which have strong cold resistance. Cold resistance of clones from different provenances generally inferiorer than pedigrees, there have relationships with provenance, from south to north, cold resistance of clones gradually increase, based on the cold tolerance index R, preliminary select48clones which have strong cold resistance.(6) Use principal component-membership function to analysis the preservation rate, height, diameter and cold resistance indexes of introduction pedigrees or clones, use comprehensive membership value (E) to evaluate the adaptability of wild apricot. E value of wild apricot pedigrees from0.1to0.87, initially selsct42pedigrees which performance better in seedling stage. E values of wild apricot clones from0.27to0.68, initially select66clones which performance better in seedling stage.(7) Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency of clones from different provenances have large differences in different months, all clones appear photosynthetic midday depression phenomenon in summer. Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of11clones present that:No.6,37and211have high photosynthetic, high water consumption, high water use efficiency; No.28and170have high photosynthetic, moderate water consumption, high water use efficiency; No.94has high photosynthetic, moderate water consumption, low water use efficiency; No.1has medium photosynthesis, moderate water consumption, high water use efficiency; No.333has medium photosynthesis, high water consumption, low water use efficiency; No.102and334have medium photosynthetic, medium consumption, low water use efficiency; No.516has low photosynthesis, low water consumption, low water use efficiency.(8) Yield wild apricot pedigrees have obvious midday depression in June, July and September, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate are not consistent with production levels of yield wild apricot pedigrees. Correlation analysis showed that:light intensity, temperature, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric CO2concentration have different affect on photosynthetic physiology indicators in different months. Photosynthetic physiology characteristics of8wild apricot pedigree present that:No.171is high photosynthetic, moderate water consumption, high water use efficiency; No.114and144are high photosynthesis, high water consumption, moderate water use efficiency, No.101is medium photosynthesis, high water consumption, low water use efficiency, No.162,209and210are middle photosynthesis, moderate water consumption, low water use efficiency, No.213is low photosynthetic, low water consumption, low water use efficiency.(9) Using the principal components-membership function to comprehensive analysis7cold resisting physiological indexes such as electrical conductivity, MDA content, SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and proline content etc. of wild apricot pedigrees and clones from different provenances, comprehensive membership D values of wild apricot pedigrees from0.249to0.878, cold resistance of wild apricot pedigrees from different provenances have strong correlation with provenances, perform that with latitude of provenance decrease, D values become smaller. D value of clones from0.259to0.871, cold resistance of clones from different provenances have certain relationship with geographical provenance, generally speaking Russian provenance clones have strong cold resistance. Based on D value,87pedigrees and62clones all can be divided into five cold resistance type.The adaptability of wild apricot from different provenances in introduction regon should be based on its comprehensive performance in field, physiological indexes should be as supplementary indicator. |
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