| Camellia oleifera Abel.is one member of Camellia genus in Theaceae family. It’s an evergreen shrub or small tree, which exhibits high drought tolerance and can grow well in acidic or sub-acidic soils, especially in good light condition. This plant can be found in eighteen provinces, cities and municipalities in China. It flowers between September and November and its seeds will ripen between October and November in next year. The oil often named camellia oil, which is pressed or extracted from C. oleifera seeds. Camellia oil has been used as cooking oil in China for a long history. This oil is also called "eastern olive oil" because of the similar composition of fatty acids to the olive oil. It exhibits the activity of antioxidation, reducing the content of lipoproteins in blood, preventing atherosclerosis, improving immune function and enhancing penetration ability of skin, which is extensively used in manufactures of food, medicine, cosmetic and so on. The cake of C. oleifera is rich in proteins, fatty acids and sugars which could be used as food of livestock and fertilizer for agriculture and forest. The shell of C. oleifera fruit could be used as source to produce active carbon because of its mesoporous structure. Its flower, tender shoot and root bark could be used as traditional Chinese medicine.In recent years, the Chinese government has being encouraging farmers to culture this plant. There are lacks of hundred millions of super seedlings every year when there are more and more persons beginning to plant this tree who get benefits from those policies. If we couldn’t supply enough elite seedlings to those planters, it would be bad to the development of camellia oil manufacture. Up to now, there are lots of achievements through the hard work of many researchers, by which the rooting rate of cutting and survival percent of hypocotyl grafting increase. However, the rooting rate of cutting and survival percent of hypocotyl grafting are still very low when this plant is propagated by horticulture workers in most places. Giving to this phenomenon, this paper studied the factors which had effct on rooting cutting and hypocotyl grafting, so as to find proper methods of propagating elite C. oleifera trees in large scales. Achievements of the current paper were as follows:1. The influences of trial date, substance, auxin, sugar, disinfectant and post-treatment on rooting cutting were investigated. The results demonstrated that:(1) the time of cutting had significant effct on rooting of cuttings, the best rooting result was observed in the middle or late of July (average rooting days95.3d, rooting rate75.0%, mean root number7.7, root length5.2cm);(2) when cuttings were placed in open fields, the rooting result was better if cuttings were planted in pure red soil and mixed media (80%red soil+20%fine sand) and when cuttings were placed indoor, the rooting result was also good if cuttings were planted in fine sand;(3) in the case of auxin type, concentration and time, the cuttings dipped in500mg/L NAA solution for20s exhibited highest rooting rate (91.7%), mean while the rooting result was better (mean root number8.0, root length5.8cm);(4) in mixed auxin case, better rooting result was found in3:2(IBA+NAA) mixed solution (rooting rate79.2%, mean root number6.0, root length6.0cm);(5) in sugar case, the best rooting result (rooting rate66.7%, mean root number6.3, root length6.2cm) was observed in5%glucose;(6) in the case of disinfectant,0.3%bavistin didn’t show significant effct on rooting of cuttings;(7) in post-treatment case, there was no need to washing the base or dipping in mud containing auxin (rooting rate58.3%, mean root number5.5, root length5.9cm).2. The effects of auxin and disinfectant on hydroponic rooting cutting were examined. The results showed that:(1) when the cuttings were dipped in1000mg/L NAA solution for10s, and then were placed into the cystosepiment floating on the surface of tap water, the result of rooting was best (rooting rate20.0%, sprouting rate40.0%, shoot length5.6cm, shoot diameter0.189mm, mean root number4.2, root length1.9cm);(2) it was not necessary of the cuttings to be immersed in disinfectant solutions. In general, the rooting result of cuttings in hydroponic was poor compared to cuttings in solid substance.3. The effects of dry-storage time, seed quality, germination place, water temperature and immersing time were studied. The results exhibited that:(1) when C. oleifera seeds had stored in a room for one month where the air condition was good, mean germination time was the shortest (11.7d) and germination rate was the highest (93.3%);(2) the floating seeds hardly germinated (germination rate11.1%), so we should discard these seeds;(3) in storage place case, mean germination time in sand bed placed outdoor was shorter (27.3d) and the germination result (germination rate82.2%, radicle length16.2cm, epicotyl length10.7cm) was better;(4) in immersing treatment, water temperature and immersing time demonstrated notable effect on germination time and the best germination result was observed in water temperature30℃and immersing time48h (mean germination time24.0d, germination rate80.2%, radicle length13.8cm, epicotyl length8.5cm).4. The influences of seed deficiency, immersing time and media on hypocotyl grafting were discussed. The results stated that:(1) the result of hypocotyl grafting was better, when tender seedlings forming from seeds had been immersed in water less than2h;(2) the growth of hypocotyl grafting seedlings showed significant difference between seed and seed deficiency treatment and the result of the former was better (survival percent86.7%, sprouting rate73.3%, shoot length12.6cm, shoot diameter0.177mm, mean new leaves5.8, mean root number12.4, longest root length10.9cm);(3) the constituent of media indicated remarked influence on survival percent and growth of hypocotyl grafting seedlings and the best result (survival percent100%, sprouting rate100%, shoot length13.2cm, shoot diameter0.191mm, mean new leaves5.6, mean root number15.0, longest root length8.3cm) was found in the mixed substance (red soil:fine sand:sawdust:cow dung=14:4:2:3). |
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