| Jianghuai area is the major grain-produced areas in our country, the area where has higher energy consumption, more discharge of greenhouse gases and noxious gases because of its conventional tillage practices in these years; excessive quantity of seed and fertilizer increases the unnecessary energy consumption as well as emission of greenhouse gas which is used to produce the seed and fertilizer. Besides, based on the investigation which shows a result that the number of large horsepower tractor is increasing, but the quantity of the farm-machine which matches with the tractor is seriously insufficient, so the effective means to achieve the goal energy saving and emission reduction on farmland is to design and extend a new type seeder which can finish the multifunctional operation and can match with the large horsepower tractor.Firstly, we study the changes of soil structure of Huanghai farmland under different cultivation modes in the past three years by the compared test, the result showed that the soil structure under fixed ditch dry-direct-seeding cultivation mode is the best, and we are sure it is necessary to design the dry-direct-seeding seeders. On the premise of seriously analyzing and summarizing the existing state of the sowing and fertilizing combined machine at home and abroad, we design a model which is based on the demands of tractor power in south of China, the technology of energy saving and emission reduction on farmland and the agronomic requirements. With the help of Pro/Engineer software, we finish the core components and the whole3D model; manufacture the prototype and carry out the field test, the conclusions are as follows:1. In this paper, we research the soil structure of different patterns after the rice is harvested in Jiang Huai area from the following parameters:soil water content, soil bulk density, soil specific density, total porosity and cone index in this paper. The results come out that the pattern of no-tillage with residue retention infiltration of irrigation of dry direct seeding of fixed trench can increase the soil water content26.3%,27.5%, decrease soil bulk density9.5%,9.8%and soil cone index55.5%,50.5%in0-30cm layer under the surface.2. The research result of rotary part of seeders in the test area shows that because of the lower rotational speed of the shaft the machine has not enough ability to turn over the soil and to eliminate the straw. In this paper, based on the characteristic of the smaller soil resistance of the area, we change the position of the last pair gear in the side-driving gear box, the rotational speed of the shaft increases from225r/min to2%2r/min, the increased percent is25.3%, improving the ability to turn over the soil and to eliminate the straw.3. Adopt the Pro/Engineer software to design and assemble the component of the seeder, the Pro/Engineer can show the shape and size of the main component of the machine intuitively. With the help of Ansys we finished the modal analysis as well as static analysis of the major working parts.4. The model includes8seeding rows and8fertilizing rows, its working width is2.0m, and the depth of fertilizer is about10cm. The machine are mainly consist of three point linkage, chopping anti-blocking mechanism and the seeding rate adjustment mechanism, seeding and fertilizing part and the rack. It can finish several procedures in one time such as straw-retaining, ditching, deeply-fertilizing and seeding.5. The farmland test was taken in Dan Yang Jiang Su province after the prototype was manufactured, the whole area is0.8hm. The result comes out that the seeder can plant rice in the field where wheat straw is covered, and the work efficiency can reach0.33to0.5hm per hour, compared with the traditional machine the new model can obviously shorten the farming season, decrease the times of tractor get into the ground, and the machine has a good working stability and passing ability, the quality of its work is highly reliable, its indexes all reaches the national standard. |
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