| The industry of the edible, a sunrise industry in the21st century, is developing fast. While the rapid increase of the mushroom production, the total castoff of mushroom cultivation is sharp increasing. In recent years, with the soilless cultivation popularizing in vegetable culture in China, the peat moss as a good culture medium, and the use of which is gradually expanding. But the peat moss is a non-renewable resource, reserves are limited, a large number of mining will result in ecological environmental devastation. Therefore, recycling the castoff of mushroom as peat moss substitute has been put in the research interest among many scholars. Aiming mushroom residue, this research utilize the castoff of Agaricus bisporus, which is cultivated by the castoff Pleurotus eryngii compost, to admix perlite for a rapid fermentation processing. Then the residue is conducted research and popularization in vegetable culture. Main results are as follows:1. Admixing perlite, the waste of Agaricus bisporus are rapid composted with auxiliary heating and forced ventilation. The results showed that the temperature of the mushroom residue is over55℃more than10days, and it is up to the compost hygiene standards. Perlite can effectively condition the physical and chemical characteristics of mushroom compost. The density (between0.37and0.45g/cm3), pH (between7and7.5) and aerate porosity of the mushroom residue are higher than peat moss; the total porosity and hold water porosity are below than peat moss. Its electric conductivity is over4mS/cm, higher than the threshold value=2.6mS/cm, for seedling nursing. The seed germination test shows that the lixivium of mushroom residue have some inhibitory effect on seed germination, but it could be removed after washing with water.2. This study selected the admixture of the mushroom residue after rapid composting, vermiculate and peat moss for cucumber seedling cultivation. The results show that the treatment of density and total porosity are suitable for cultivation of cultivation. The pH is between7.15and7.56, the EC value of T3and T6is below the secure value. Early in the nursery, the survival rate plant height and stem diameter of the cucumber seedling which cultivated by T3and T6differ from which cultivated by the peat moss. But T3and T6are suitable for cucumber seedling growing. In addition,30days after sowing, the seedlings index, total dry weight and total fresh weight and photosynthetic indicators of cucumber, cultivated by T3and T6, are consistent with the CK.3. This study choose the mushroom residue after rapid composting blends with vermiculite and peat moss to compose10compound substrates, which cultivating the tomatoes. The fast-composting mushroom residue must be washed, it could have been completely replace the peat moss to cultivation, or it only partly instead of the peat moss and the proportion is not big. Besides, the mushroom residue after washing and partly instead of the peat moss and vermiculite are composed to compound substrate, the physic-chemical properties of which are closer to control. The washed mushroom residue and vermiculite by the ratio of2:1or1:1, or the unwashed mushroom residue, vermiculite and peat moss by the ratio of2:1:1or1:1:1to compose the compound substrate is best. Cultivated by that, the indexes in tomatoes are no significant difference from or even better than in the control.In conclusion, we established a recycle system of "wood-rotting fungi-grass-rot fungi-mushrooms rapid fermentation residue-vegetables seedlings and cultivation" The application of this recycle system could extend the chain of edible fungi and promoting the establishment of organic ecological agriculture. Meanwhile, it is conducive to developing the normalization, standardization and industrialization of production and exploiting of the mushroom residue. |
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