Study On Nutritional Evaluation Of Spent Mushroom Substrate And Its Utilization In Beef Cattle Diet

In order to evaluate the nutritional value of spent mushroom substrate(SMS), the trial of feeding effects, in situ, apparent digestibility and rumen metabolism were carried out; to study the nutritive composition, rumen degradability and apparent digestibility of SMS, and the effect of SMS on growth performance, blood parameters and ruminal metabolism were studied as well.ExperimentⅠ:Forty crossbred Simmental bulls were divided into four groups for 70 days and finishing trial were carried out with different SMS(Pleurotus Nebrodensis) levels (control 0%, groupⅠ20%, groupⅡ40%, group 11160%) replace with wheat straw, respectively. The result showed that compare with control group the average daily gain in groupⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere slightly increased 1.59%,10.32%,2.38%(p>0.05),respectively; the speed of intake were also inhanced 12.82%,7.69%(p>0.05),38.46%(p<0.01), respectively; the ratio of feed and gain were reduced 1.56%,9.35% and 2.33% respectively; the cost of gain were declined 2.33%,10.77% and 4.61% respectively; the profit of weight gain were remarkable increased 3.66%,16.92% and 7.24% respectively.ExperimentⅡ:In the pre-test period and test period the blood of each cattle was collected by jugular vein for 3 times to measure physiological and biochemical indexes. The result indicated that the white blood cell(WBC) of 60 days experimental period in group I,Ⅱ,Ⅲwere 8.31%(P<0.05),8.38%(P<0.01) and 8.22%(P> 0.05) lower than that of control group, respectively, but there were no significantly influence of SMS on red blood cell count(RBC), hemoglobin(HB) concentration and platelet(PLT) count; the change tendency of WBC,RBC,PLT and HB with 0 day,45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwas consistent with the control group, and the change tendency of WBC reduced more remarkable than that of control group; compared to control group the total cholesterol in plasma of 45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwere increased by 4.28%(P>0.05), 28.79%(P<0.01),24.90%(P<0.05),5.62%(P>0.05),18.88%(P<0.05) and 19.68%(P<0.05), respectively; the urea nitrogen in plasma of 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwere increased by 55.51%(P<0.01),49.32%(P<0.01) and 4.41%(P>0.05), respectively; the blood calcium of 45 days experimental period in groupⅡ,Ⅲwere 2.47 and 2.43mmol/L respectively, extremely obviously higher than that of control group; the change tendency of total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), globulin(GLO), glucose(GLU), triglycerin(TG), total cholesterol(TC), urea nitrogen(UR), creatinine(CRE), calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P) in plasma with 0 day,45 days and 60 days experimental period in groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲwere consistent with the control group,and the change tendency of GLU, TC, UR, Ca, P changed more remarkable than that of control group; but the change tendency of alkaline phosphatase(AKP) was obvious opposite with that of control group.ExperimentⅢ:Six ruminally cannulated local white wether goats (35.42±3.96 kg initial BW) were used to evaluate nutritive value, apparent digestibility and in situ dry mater(DM), organic mater(OM), crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) degradation characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus SMS, Auricularia polytricha SMS, Flammulina velutipes SMS and Pleurotus ferulae SMS. The result indicated that the DM, CP, NDF and ADF of 4 kinds of SMS were 73.52%-79.54%,7.95%-9.69%,50.88%-81.81% and 36.95%-56.15%, respectively. The in situ degradation of, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were constantly increasing with the sample continually digest in rumen, the in situ DM degradation in 72h of 4 kinds of SMS were,55.65%,42.60%,50.11%,53.48%, respectively; the in situ CP degradation in 72h of 4 kinds of SMS were,64.29%,57.14%,61.79%,65.10%, respectively; the in situ NDF degradation in 72h of 4 kinds of SMS were,50.10%, 39.17%,45.95%,50.57%, respectively; the in situ ADF degradation in 72h of 4 kinds of SMS were,48.80%,40.63%,43.04%,40.72%, respectively. The apparent digestibility of DM,OM, CP, ether extract (EE), NDF and ADF of Pleurotus ostreatus SMS in goat whole digestive tract were 61.03%,61.85%,59.87%,47.50%,63.11% and 59.28%, respectively.ExperimentⅣ:Six ruminally cannulated local white wether goats (35.42±3.96 kg initial BW) were divided into control group (0%SMS) and experimental group (40% SMS instead of peanut vines).25 (pre-test period 10 days, experiment period 15 days) days period experiment trial were carried out, in the 5th day of the experiment the ruminal liquid was collected every 2h (from 0 to 12 h after feeding) in all the animals through the cannula for measuring ruminal liquid pH and ammonium nitrogen concentration. In the last 3 days of the experiment, nylon bag technique was used to measure lucerne hay ruminal degradability with 0,6,12,24,36,48 or 72h incubation in rumen. The result showed that the overall change trend of two groups were closely fluctuanted, no significant differences were observed in ruminal liquid pH and ammonium nitrogen concentration at each time after feeding (P>0.05) Ruminal organic mater degradability of lucerne hay with 72h incubation in rumen was lower (P<0.05) compared with that of control group, but no significant differences at other times; ruminal crude protein degradability of lucerne hay with 36,48 and 72h incubation in rumen were significantly increased (P<0.05) than that of control group, while ruminal crude protein degradability of lucerne hay with 6h incubation in rumen were extremely increased by 14.17%(P<0.01); but no significant differences in ruminal disappearance of dry mater, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber with each time of lucerne hay incubation in rumen.