The Development Of Micro-spectrum Instrument Based On The FPGA

The spectral analysis technique is a technology that applies optics, electronics andcomputer science to make qualitative or quantitative researching on the structure andcomposition of various materials. While, in recent years, the higher demands for thespectrometer’s volume, weight, structure, performance in the military, scientific research,field geological prospecting, biological medicine and environmental monitoring hasincreased, as a consequence, micro-miniaturization is becoming the trend of thespectrometer.This thesis analyses the basic theory of spectrometer’s working principle, structure andperformance. Based on that, this thesis adapts the optical system using asymmetricCzerny-Turner optical structure and determines the structural parameters of the opticalelement. Furthermore, this thesis optimizes the optical structure and parameters withZEMAX optical path of the simulation. As a consequence, this thesis proposes a spectraldata acquisition system of real-time self-adjusting large-scale CCD(Charge-coupled Device)light integration time based on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) in which the range oflight integral time is large than10us, and the minimum control accuracy is0.25us. In orderto satisfy the needs of the spectral measurement, this thesis adapts TOSHIBA TCD1304APline array CCD detectors in which the response wavelength range is200to1100nm. While,through pretreatment process, CCD output analog signal is converted to digital signals byADS803E of12B A/D converter. After finishing high and low speed matching conversionthrough the "soft" FIFO in FPGA, data is transmitted to the host computer through the highspeed USB(Universal Serial Bus) communication interface. Then, this research finishes thedesign of master software, CCD driving timing and A/D synchronous clock,"soft" FIFO andUSB communication control state machine base on FPGA and the design of USB firmwareof CY7C68013with the application of Keil.Finally, this thesis designed a set of experimental prototype of spectrum measurements.We also carried out systematic analyses: performed the wavelength calibration and spectralresponse non-uniformity correction, tested and recorded natural light and LED spectroscopy.Furthermore, this thesis provided a theoretical and experimental foundation to the researchand development in relevant areas.