The Cultural Values Analysis Of The Republic Of Historic Buildings

In Nanjing area as an example, this paper discusses the development course of architecture of theRepublic of China and reflection during the period of the Republic of China traditional architecture tomodern architecture development time changes under the big background, the traditional inherentlimitations. The period of the Republic of China’s architectural history began from the Opium War to thebasic period before the founding of new china. Because of the collision between foreign architecturalculture of thought and traditional Chinese architecture ideas, modern Chinese architectural formed a uniquestyle. The purpose of this dissertation is to use buildings in Nanjing as an example, to discuss thetransformation of Chinese modern architectural history.When the Qing government signed the “Treaty of Nanjing” after the Opium War, what both liberatedthe chinese feudal society from thousands years of isolation, and also forced China to the new period ofmodern architecture culture from the traditional architectural concept. Nanjing has an important historicalstatus in the Republic of China Building system. The Republic of China in1912set up a provisionalnational government capital in Nanjing, the national government promulgated the”Capital Plan”,whichrequired construction and public facilities of Nanjing government project must be the Chinese model, thenthere presented a number of new building system combined Chinese with western cultural elements,generally named as modern building system of the republic of China.According to the architecture style, modern architecture in Nanjing can be divided into four categories,and the four basic categories basically include the historical and cultural relics in Nanjing during the periodof Republic of china. First class is the traditional Chinese nation-building. The most iconic buildings is theDr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum in Nanjing, it is famous at home and abroad has become a landmark ofNanjing. The second kind is the new form of nation building, and the main characteristics is its Chinese andWestern architectural style characteristic of the modern architecture. in Nanjing, the presidential officebuildings can be the representative work. The third kind is the Western classical architecture, which ischaracterized by the classical orders as the composition foundation, making the axis highlight, and focusingon the master-slave relationship and the proportion and symmetry. Fourth kind is the Western modern architecture, and this style of architecture emphasizes the style of architecture should be go with the timesand advocate getting rid of outdated style of architecture history bound, taking actions to make use of thenew materials and new structure, in order to create the new architecture which reflect the characteristics ofthe new era.The key of research about The Republican period is the analysis of architectural art in Nanjing. Themodeling in space of Nanjing’s Republican architecture is from the Western traditional style, Chinesetraditional style, gradually developing toward to the modern style. This article express this case in twoaspects, the first is the analysis of morphological character, shape and organization in the external form ofChinese and Western style buildings retains the shape characteristics of classical architecture: the sense ofArchitectural volume and sculpture. The second is the analysis of three-dimensional shape modeling. Themiddle part of Nanjing absorbing Western classical architecture generally use the Ionic order structure. Theleft and right structures on both sides of the windows and doors, are symmetrical distribution.During The Republican period, Nanjing Architectural and historical and cultural values are reflected inmainly two aspects:1.The scientific and national values. In the exploration process of national form, Chinese architectsmake use of modern building materials, through the western way of combination of mass and the partitionof function, by using some design methods like adding some local traditional decorative elements,andgradually formed a kind of Chinese traditional style.2.The Chinese inherent and special architectural concept. The modern building mass with thetraditional way of handling component and pattern decoration, become an important mode of “the buildingof national style". International Perspectives on modern architecture and the introspection on the traditionaland inherent architecture. Chinese cultural nationalists not only admit that building science and technologyhas the qualities of worldwide and universality, but also stressed that the architectural style has thehistorical inheritance, which called nationality and particularity as well, providing theoretical basis forWestern civilization to develop “Chinese inherent form".Classical Chinese architecture does not apply tomodern times,just for prevailing government buildings transition because of its high economic losses andtime consuming.Whether the Chinese style or modern style appearance the building is, the plane can onlybe the reasonable and scientific layout which is made in accordance with the latest knowledge obtained. In the face of international modern architecture movement, the period of the Republic of China acceptedscience and technology’s worldwide, universality and the coming trend of international architecturalculture, gradually getting out of wandering and confusion between tradition and modernity.