The Hainan Tropical Forest Atrractions Landscape Design Study

The ancient humans relied on the forest to survive and then came out of the forest, while the modern people are gradually eager to return to the forest to find the peace of heart as the pressure of urban life, thus triggering the tourism boom of the forest. Forest tourism is various forms of tourism activities which are relying on forest resources. Hainan tropical forest tourist attractions are very popular because of the unique factors of climate and geography. Today, the biggest problem which the landscape design of the Hainan tropical forest tourist attractions is facing is that how to explore the potential of the Hainan tropical forest resources, combined with scientific protection and moderately development. And it need the guidance of scientific theory of landscape planning and design necessarily. It is also necessary to learn from the successful experience abroad and form a set of theoretical system of landscape planning and design which is suitable for Hainan tropical forest tourist attractions. It is started late of the landscape planning and design of forest tourist attractions in China, and the theory books and researches are limited. So this paper is written for the hope to provide reference for the establishment of landscape planning and design theory system of Hainan tropical forest tourist attractions.This authors studied the planning and design theory of forest tourist attractions from experts and scholars at home and abroad, and learned from their advanced experience. Taking "three elements theory"(The three elements:recreation behavior, landscape architect, environmental ecology) which was put forward by Professor Liu Binyi from Tongji University as the basic methods of landscape planning and design. It proposed the recreation behavior points of Hainan tropical forest tourist attractions which is the results and conclusions of the garden design study through the research,site mapping and the analysis of field cases in Hainan. Landscape architects should pay attention to meet different levels during the Hainan tropical forest scenic recreation behavioral design:security requirements, convenience and comfort needs, social interaction needs, aesthetic needs, self-actualization needs. Garden design points:(1)When creating a terrain, it is necessary to pay attention to take full advantage of the site of the original terrain conditions to form the skeleton of the whole terrain of the garden environment, the use of the terrain separated and guide space and the microtopography creating.(2) When designing the transportation system, it is necessary to consider the systematic and rational plane form.(3)When constructing waterscape, it is much-needed to consider the layout of waterscape form. It also summed up the waterscape design method points:pay attention to waterscape features positioning, construct clear priorities and sequence waterscape space, pay attention to the combination of water features and other garden elements.(4)When construct buildings, it is necessary to pay attention to the combination of ecological and geographical features, consider the psychological and the visual beauty sensory experience.(5)When constructing plant landscape, it is necessary to consider the the distinctive tropical theme, the cost-effective of plant Landscape, the increase of plant species diversity, the transition between the artificial and the natural vegetation.(6)It summed up the garden design points of main entrance space:transparent landscape view, suitable scales of landscape space, strengthening the landscape distinctiveness of the main entrance space. Environmental and ecological points:landscape architects should be based on the sensitivity of Hainan tropical forest ecosystems to partition the entire tropical forests. In the forest areas of high ecological sensitivity, landscape architects must try to maintain its original state, prohibiting tourism development, to reduce human disturbance; the forest areas of less ecological sensitivity can be a certain degree of exploitation. To reflect the hot spots of environmental and ecological protection ideas, landscape architects should adapt to natural processes in the design of forest tourist attractions, minimize the disturbance to nature, use local materials and techniques of Hainan, respect for traditional cultures and indigenous knowledge, express the local characteristics and the spirit of spaces.