| Due to high-tech fibers relative to ordinary clothing fibers have significant advantages of high strength, high modulus and corrosion, they get increasingly wide range of applications in the domestic industry. With the growth of its application, requirement of fast and effective analysis on high-tech fiber identification has become even more urgent. In the current standards and literature, there is no systematic analysis of the identification system specifically for high-tech fibers, which makes high-tech fiber used in product design and various commercial activities are subject to different degrees of restrictions. In this context, this paper aims to explore a systematic method for the analysis and identification of high-tech fibers. On the one hand it is conducive to promot the use of various types of high-tech fibers, on the other hand it will further promote the development of the textile fiber detection techniques, and provide a theoretical basis and technical data for the high-tech fiber testing standards.Ceramic fiber, basalt fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fibers (PPS) and polyetheretherketone fiber (PEEK) are the four new high-tech industrial fibers, with good thermal stability, high strength, good corrosion resistance properties. In this paper, these four new high-tech industrial fibers have been chosen mainly for the study. With sensory method, combustion method, microscopy, dissolution method, melting method, shading, thermal analysis, birefringence, density, infrared spectroscopy, it aims to develop a practical method for qualitative identification of the four types of fibers, with the conclusions as follows: (1) Without significant difference between longitudinal sections and cross-sections of four types of fibers and synthetic fibers, and as stain and fluorescent reactions are not significantly different, it is not suitable for microscope fluorescence reaction method and color response to be used for identification.(2) Ceramic fibers:when approaching the flame does not melt and shrink. It is burning tastelessly with orange yellow flame. After burning the fiber is not deformed, slightly blackened. It was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid, but insoluble in other solvents. Its infrared spectrum characteristic peaks at3342,2917,1622,1049,791,656cm-1. Thermal degradation of the initial temperature is287℃. At350℃, weight loss rate is12%, then weight loss slows down. When temperatures above1000℃, weight loss rate is not more than15%, there is no clear glass transition temperature. Density is1.777-2.099g/cm3.(3) Basalt fiber:Near the flame does not melt Notations. It is burning tastelessly with red flame and white smoke. Away from the flames it would extinguish. After burning it became dark brown, hard and brittle. It was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid, but insoluble in other solvents.Its infrared spectrum characteristic peaks at2921,2847,1741,1505,934,722cm-1. Maximum temperature is364℃for the decomposition rate. Weight loss rate is greater than5.5%, while temperatures up to1400℃continued weight loss.(4) Polyphenylene sulfide fiber:Near the flame melt shrinkage, contraction. Release white smoke when burned in the flames. Away from the flame it goes out with white smoke, releasing similar burning sulfur smell. Its residue is black, shiny lumps of irregular, difficult to be grinded. It can dissolve in boiling concentrated sulfuric acid concentration of98%or boiling nitric acid concentration of65%, but not dissolved in other solvents. Its infrared spectrum characteristic peaks at3066,3010,2649,1641,1571,1469,1384,1261,1179,1091,1008,961,804,742,704,553cm-1. Thermal degradation of the initial temperature is498℃. When weight loss50%, it become more stable. Tg is108℃, Tm is285℃. Density is1.297-1.349g/cm3. Melting point is285.2℃. Double refractive index is0.021065.(5) Polyether ether ketone fibers:Near the flame melt shrinking. Intense black smoke burning in flames, with smell phenol. Combustion residues, irregular black lumps, crisp and easy to grind. It can dissolve in boiling concentrated sulfuric acid concentration of98%, but not dissolved in other solvents.Its infrared spectrum characteristic peaks at3066,2923,1914,1647,1489,1411,1306,1223,1187,1159,1098,1010,951,926,834,764,676cm-1. Thermal decomposition of its starting temperature is563℃. But after weight loss50%, it become more stable. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is147℃melting temperature (Tm) is340°c. Density is1.298-1.313g/cm3. Double refractive index is0.001052.(6) Combining these characteristics of four kinds of fibers, a system of qualitative identification method has been developed. It provides a theoretical basis and technical data for the quantitative analysis of blend ratio of blended products. At the same time it serves as the foundation for the development of four kinds of fiber identification test methods and other relevant standards. |
PDF Full Text Request