Analysis On Landscape Dynamics And Its Driving Forces In Anqiu City

Under the background of rapid urbanization, problems of regional ecological environmentand sustainable development attract more and more attention. Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC)is both a cause of changes in the ecological environment and the result of changes in theecological environment, and it is also an important factor for the development of regionalpopulation, resources and society. Land use/cover change studies from the view of landscapeecology have been a hot topic in recent years.1:100,000land use vector data of Anqiu City ofShandong Province in1985,1995,2000,2005and2010, and social and economic statisticaldata of Anqiu City during1995to2010were used to analyze the landscape pattern, thequantitative and spatial characteristics of landscape dynamics, and quantitative driving force oflandscape change by a combined approach including landscape pattern metrics, transitionprobability matrix, GIS spatial analysis, and principal component analysis and et al. with thesupport of programs of ARCGIS、ARCVIEW、FRAGSTATS、SPSS, et al.. And landscapepattern of the changed land use types were also analyzed based on the conception of unstablepatches. The main conclusions are the following:(1) Landscape pattern characteristics of Anqiu City had great changes in the years of1995and2005. As the landscape matrix, mean patch area of farm land was the largest, and itspatches had the highest degree of connectivity and clustering. It was divided most frequentlyby boundary and was disturbed by human beings greatly. Its fragmentation was high and patchshape tended to be complex. Fragmentation of construction land was the highest and its patchshape was the most complex. It was divided more frequently by boundary constantly and wasdisturbed by human beings greatly. Thus, degree of natural connectivity and clustering ofpatches was higher. The degree of natural connectivity and clustering of forest land, grass landand water area increased and patch shape was more simple and uniform, especially for the year 2010. Patch shape of the unused land was the most simple and it was divided lowest byboundary, and its degree of natural connectivity and clustering increased since2000.(2) Area size of land use types of Anqiu City during1985to2010was ordered by thefollowing: farm land> construction land> grassland> waters> forest> unused land, except2010for the area of waters was larger than grassland. Farm land, accounted for75.85%-78.62%ofthe total area, was the landscape matrix. Construction land was one of the largest landscapetypes except farm land. In general, area of construction land, waters, unused land and forestincreased, while farm land and grassland area decreased. From the point of increased speed ofland use types, unused land> construction land> waters> forest land; From the point ofdecreased speed of land use types, grassland> farm land.The input and output contribution rate of farm land and construction land was higher; Theoutput contribution rate of grassland from2005to2010, input contribution rate of waters from2000-2005and input contribution rate of unused land from2000-2005was high, these caused agreat area change of these land types. The transition probability matrix analysis showed thatnon-cultivated land turned into farm land during the first two periods (1985-1995and1995-2000), while farm land mainly turned into waters (1985-1995) and construction land(1995-2000). During the last two periods (1985-1995and1995-1995), farm land andconstruction land transferred into each other, waters mainly turned into unused land and unusedland mainly turned into construction land and farm land. Town land transferred into dry land,rural settlements and other construction land under the secondary classification of constructionland.Area of unstable patches of Anqiu City accounted for1.39%-3.13%. Unstable patchesdistributed throughout the study area and that the overall trend had a ring-shape during the firsttwo periods, and they distributed like a clumps shape during the last two periods which mainlydistributed at southwest low mountains, built-up areas, Mu Mountain Reservoir and Xiashanreservoir. Town land was expanded denotatively, and spatial change of the rural settlementswas relatively scattered. Among the contribution of drivers for landscape pattern change, human factor accountedfor65.74%, the combined contribution of human and natural factors was20.21%and6%ofnatural factors. Economic development, growth of non-agricultural population, industrialrestructuring and rural agricultural production and inputs were dominant driving forces forinfluencing land use/cover change of Anqiu City. Furthermore, series of innovative andreform measures of new rural construction (such as "joint village and town") also contributedto the change in local land use, while less affected by natural factors.(3) In four research periods, fragmentation of unstable patches was decreased, landscapeintegrity and connectivity was increased, while landscape balance was decreased. Thelandscape indexes of relative stable patches changed small, with a more stable landscapepattern. The landscape indexes of unstable patches had a greater difference between first andlast research periods. Compared with relative stable patches, fragmentation of unstable patcheswas higher and it was divided by boundary more frequently, the patch shape tended to becomplex and distributed more evenly in the landscape. Farm land and construction land wasmore fragmental, not concentrated, and divided more frequently by boundary compared withother land use types of unstable patches. And the unstable patches shape of forest was morecomplex.