| Involved in the scientific issue advice and decision within the scientific system, public scientists need to provide "dual service":on the one hand, serve for science and scientists community. Scientific topics and research process require self-consistency and autonomy. As one of national interests, community of scientists needs to strengthen gaining public and government’s supports both from morality and material support and justify its legitimacy. On the other hand, it also need to serve for the government and society, for many government and society issues need scientists’ assistance to resolve.Since World War II, USA has been a giant and powerful country of science and technology. As advisors and decision-makers in American scientific system, public scientists play an important role in the process of making and keeping America the powerful country of science and technology.This paper goes to study the stages of the developing history of American science and technology, to draw an outline of what drives them to develop in the interactions of scientists and their government and in turn to reveal the special role of science and technology in American certain period. The study is divided into four stages:1.forming of the dual service of American public scientists (1783—1945),2.their dual service in the period of US-Soviet cold confrontation (1966—1988),3.the dilemma of American science and technology in the periods of Vietnam War and Post-Vietnam War (1966—1988),4.the new changing of dual service of American public scientists after cold war (1989to now). |
