Study On Algal Community And Evaluation Of Water Quality In The Upstream Of Fenhe River

This paper studies on the relationship of algae species composition, community structure, biomass and environmental factors in the upstream of Fenhe River, thus evaluating the water quality in the upstream of Fenhe River from biological perspective and providing related theoretical basis for protecting ecological environment while developing economy. Then efficient treasures were established to protect the water environment.During May and November in2011conducted2sampling, total17sampling sites, they are the headstream of Fenhe River, the bridge besides Dongzhai police station, the Toumaying yellow River inlet, Kuaitunguan village, Chuanhutun village, Matoushan village, Duanjiazhai village, Jingle Fenhe bridge, Jingle old bridge, Jingyou town, Loufan county, in inner dam base of Fenhe River reservoir, the dam base of Fenhe River reservoir, the first bridge of Fenhe River in Qiangjiazhuang, the above of Gujiao county, the bellow of GuJiao county and Hekou town, then analyzing the species. Analyzed the physical and chemical indicators including water temperature, conductivity, flow rate, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu. The algae community composition and seasonal variation were investigated by algae species composition, biomass, dominant species, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index and Pielou Evenness Index. Water quality were evaluated and analyzed by combining all the indexes.There are286algal species in the upstream of Fenhe.River, which belonged to7divisions and91genera. The algal species of Cyanophyta are21genera38species, accounting for13.29%of the total number of algal species; Chlorophyta are40genera92species, accounting for32.17%; Bacillariophyta are25genera147species, accounting for51.4%; the species of other divisions are few.Algal biomass of Cyanophyta is the most, then are the Chlorophyta and the Bacillariophyta. Monthly average number of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta is28600×104cell/L,2950×104cell/L and14200×104cell/L respectively, the number of the other divisions is low. The dominant Cyanophyta species are Merismopedia tenuissima, Aphanocapsa elachista, Phormidium faveolarum, Oscillatoria amphibia, Oscillatoria tenuis and Lyngbya contarta. The dominant Chlorophyta species are Chlorella vulgari, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum and Scenedesmus quadricauda. The dominant Bacillariophyta species are Cyclotella meneghiniana, Diatoma vulgare and Synedra acus. The range of Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, Margalef Diversity Index and Pielou Evenness Indices is0.91-2.89,0.34-1.65and0.35-0.95respectively.Based on the correlation analysis of algal biomass and the physical and chemical indicators, the results shows that biomass and conductivity, flow rate, total hardness, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, Cd, Cr, Zn, and Cu were significantly related in May2011, flow rate associated with the biomass most, negative related with the chemical oxygen demand and Pb; in Nov.2011, the algal biomass and conductivity, flow rate, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu were significantly related, Cd associated with the biomass most, the chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total phosphorus and Cr were negatively related. The17sampling sites were divided into six groups by PCA cluster of physical and chemical indicators. The first group is Chuanhutun village, Matoushan village and Toumaying yellow River inlet, Jingle big bridge; the seconed group is Loufan county, the above of Gujiao county and the dam base of Fenhe River reservoir; the third group is the headstream of Fenhe River, the bridge besides Dongzhai police station; the fourth group is Kuaitunguan village, Jingle old bridge, the first bridge of Fenhe River in Qiangjiazhuang; the fifth group is Duanjiazhai village, the bellow of GuJiao county, in inner dam base of Fenhe River reservoir; the sixth group is Jingyou town and Hekou town. The17sampling sites were divided into three groups by DCA cluster of algal dominant species. The first group is the headstream of Fenhe River, the bridge besides Dongzhai police station, Chuanhutun village, Matoushan village, Duanjiazhai village, Jingle big bridge, Jingle old bridge, the above of Gujiao county, the bellow of GuJiao county and Hekou town.; the seconed group is Kuaitunguan village, Jingyou town, Loufan county, the dam base of Fenhe River reservoir and the first bridge of Fenhe River in Qiangjiazhuang; the third group is Toumaying yellow River inlet and the inner dam base of Fenhe River reservoir.