The Research Of Pattern Recognition, Potential Calculation And Space Optimization For Rural Residential Land Consolidation

The rapid development of China’s economy greatly promoted the urbanization level. Based on the population of permanent residents, the urbanization rate has reached 52.57% in 2012. However, the construction, management and development in rural area have received only scant attention, which results in the imbalance of urban and rural structure. The characteristics of scattered rural settlements layout, low land use efficiency and poor level of infrastructure results in a lot of unfavorable effects in rural production, life and ecology. In this context, the projects of rural residential land consolidation, new rural construction and coordinative development of urban-rural area have been the efficient measures to promote the rural sustainable development. Many innovations about residential land consolidation have emerged which are beneficial exploration. However, these practices also reveal some problems. Firstly, the classification of land consolidation is multiple, but the core dimension of the classification and the nature of the consolidation are blurry, which certainly are against the practical guidance on classifying land consolidation and theoretical classification. Secondly, the researches on the pattern of land consolidation mainly focus on the conclusive analysis on the consolidation pattern of rural residential area, while lack of the space identity for different patterns. Thirdly, the potential calculation does not take the consolidation pattern into account, which detaches from the practice. Finally, the projects of land consolidation nowadays over-pursue the constructional land index and quite eager to release the potential of rural residential area. However, these projects pay less attention to rural settlement layout optimization during and after the projects, which may be hard to overcome the problem of arbitrary in site selection of old district dismantlement and new city construction.Based on the above background and research significance, this paper treats the pattern classification and pattern recognition as the entry points, analyzing the rural residential land consolidation choice and space optimization. Based on the practical problems, the whole paper focuses on the core issue of the classification of rural residential land consolidation pattern, conducts theoretical exploration and empirical research based on the logic of classification of rural residential area consolidation pattern -- space identity for different patterns -- potential calculation-layout optimization.(1) The theoretical framework of pattern classification of rural residential land consolidation. The theoretical framework focuses on the classification of rural residential area consolidation pattern and the calculation and layout optimization for rural residential area. Through the analysis of relevant theories and status quo of pattern classification, as well as the understanding of the China’s national conditions and the rural reality, the paper studies the pattern classification of rural residential land consolidation through two core dimensions of the removal of the original village retention and development direction. We analyze the coupling mechanism and the classification basis of rural residential land consolidation pattern, which lies the logical starting point for the full passage as well as theoretical preparation for pattern recognition, potential calculation and layout optimization. Meanwhile, this part uses the potential releasing as a bridge, conducting the two-storey optimized framework for rural residential area in county and put the other three research parts of pattern recognition, potential calculation and layout optimization into this framework, which makes sure the systematization and logicality in this paper.(2) Space identity for different patterns. Based on the theoretical basis in the first part, this part chose the two core dimensions of the removal of the original village retention and development direction, selected metrics of rural residential distribution, location, economic level and population size, established the recognition (or evaluation) system of land consolidation pattern. In research methods, this part explored the "Four step method of identification" about rural residential land consolidation pattern, formed key technology about pattern selection and recognition.(3) Calculation of rural residential land consolidation potential for different rural residential land consolidation pattern. Potential is the bridge linking rural residential land consolidation pattern and micro-level space optimization. Different methods should be used for different patterns of rural residential land consolidation. This part analyzed the key restrictive factors of rural residential land consolidation potential calculation, establishing calculating model of "pattern -- potency", chosing different methods and parameter, so that the calculation can be in keeping with the real conditions.(4) This part focuses on optimizing the rural residential area where have potential released. Many studies are interesting in realizing potential land consolidation by rural residential area optimization, but little is known about the situation after potential released. In consideration of the characteristic of rural residential settlements, this paper chose three aspects from nature factor, location factor and land use status to build the model of "Grid-Suitability" based on micro-level aspect, which could innovate the method of rural settlement layout optimization.Through the above theoretical and empirical research, this paper can draw the following conclusions:(1) Based on the analysis of rural residential land consolidation system and mode coupling, this paper divided rural residential land consolidation into three first level classification:Retention, reconstruction and demolition; seven second level-classification: the type of urban construction, the type of moving into towns, the type of centre village construction, the type of moving into centre village, the type of empty scattered village integration, the type of grass-roots village persistence as well as featured village reservation, which basically covered the types of rural residential land consolidation pattern and were helpful to general classification guideline of rural residential land consolidation pattern.(2) This paper focused on the Wuxing District with the evaluation unit of administrative village and used the method of "Four step method of identification". The results show that there are 4 featured village reservations,26 grass-roots village persistence, 43 urban constructions,31 centre village constructions,35 moving into towns,38 moving into centre villages and 33 empty scattered village integrations. The research also shows that the research on Wuxing District with the evaluation unit of administrative village and the method of "Four step method of identification" is high determinability and operability.(3) The rural residential land consolidation should consider the factor of different models, and calculate the potency using different potential calculation methods. The result of empirical analysis shows that the land consolidation potential of empty scattered village integration in Wuxing District is 111.76hm, the potentials of centre village constructions and moving into towns respectively are 1014.75 hm2、847.91 hm2, the potentials of urban construction and centre village construction respectively are -37.09 hm2、-424.18 hm2, the potentials of both grass-roots village persistence and featured village reservation are 0.(4) Based on the status quo, this paper finds the potential remaining after release under different models as quantity constraint, allocates the quantity in different models to grids unit with high suitability degree, which enriches the optimization in micro-level. The paper divides the 210 administrative villages in Wuxing District into 948 thousand units with the grids unit of 30m×30m in empirical analysis. The results show that the model of "Grids Suitability Degree" can evaluate suitability degree of rural residential status quo effectively. The rural residential areas are mainly located in the north area which has good location and high site accessibility.The innovation of the article lies in the content, mainly in two aspects:(1) This paper uses the pattern classification and pattern recognition as entry points, studying the issue that how to choose land consolidation patterns of rural residential area in given space and quantity constraint, penetrating classification into the whole paper, which expands the new view of the research on land consolidation.(2) Try to explore the system of rural residential land consolidation. From the pattern classification to pattern recognition, and try to calculate potential calculation, finally, best the layout optimization.(3) On the technical methods aspect, this paper innovate the key technology of pattern recognition and layout optimization. Meanwhile, this paper applies new detailed methods, such as using the "Four Step Method of Identification" to identify and choose the proper pattern, conducting the calculating model of "Pattern Potential" to calculate the potential of different land consolidation, and building the model of "Grids Suitability Degree" to match the limited rural residential area to the grids units with high suitability degree, which enrich the research methods of layout optimization in rural residential area.