The Research About The Pension Security Of Land-deprived Farmers

The urbanization is a necessary stage for a country to achieve economicprogress and industrialization. In the past few years，China’s economy hasbeen developing rapidly and the rural population has been getting gatheredtowards the towns and cities. In this process the construction land in the cityis continuing to expand，urban lifestyle and value is spreading in rural areas ofcorresponding regions，which has caused lifestyle change and populationtransfer. At present，China’s urban construction is showing a prosperous scenewith a massive increase in the urban population，a gradual decrease in ruralpopulation and a thriving development for non-agricultural industries.Nonetheless, the prosperous urbanization background hides a huge group ofpeople，that is to say land-deprived farmers who are both the product ofurbanization，industrialization and modernization and the significant sacrificeof the process of urbanization and industrialization. For the expansion ofurban construction land，urban development needs adequate land supply tomeet the land requirement. So it is no doubt that such land can be got from thefarmers. From a theoretical sense，both the government and village collectiveare owners of the land. Besides， from the legal sense， they are both at theequal status. However，the reality is that the government domains an absoluteadvantage in the ownership of land and the government deprives farmers oftheir lands through village collective by its political pawer and then paysfarmers for a one-time monetary compensation which is far below the marketprice. Before losing their land，the farmers’ basic livelihood source and allindemnities such as employment depend on the land，which is their importantpension source. If they own land，it largely means the pension is guaranteed. However，after losing the land，although land-deprived farmers acquirecompensations from the government，an investigation indicates that suchcompensations usually only last5-8years for basic living and farmers have tosearch for subsequent life sources，not to mention that such compensationscan be for pensions. Furthermore，due to land-deprived farmers’ generallimitations of cultural levels and professional skills， they are atdisadvantageous competition status when entering the labor market. Whatthey are engaged in is simple and unstable work even if they get chance ofre-employment，which both does not provide a stable income source for theirpension and allow them to join in the urban workers’ pension insurancesystem. In this case，it is not surprised to see land-deprived farmers arefrequently reduced to the social marginal group who has neither land securitynor city insurance.During Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and NationalPeople’s Congress in2012， many representatives have mentionedland-deprived farmers’ security issue for several times，which obviouslyindicates land-deprived farmers’ pension security is a significant factor relatedto the whole society’s stability，unity and harmony and also illustrates that thepresent phenomenon of farmers’ lost of land has become a problem thatcannot be ignored by the government. On one hand，the purpose of this articleis to draw public attentions to the issue of land-deprived farmers’ pensionsecurity through objective descriptions of land-deprived farmers’ presentstatus. On the other hand，the author hopes to gradually explore the effectiveway to build the land-deprived farmers’ pension security system，which isbeneficial to provide valid reference for the government to formulate related system policies. Firstly，this article clarifies the importance of the issue ofland-deprived peasants’ pension from theoretical and practical significanceview and also refers to theories of foreign pension security and nationalresearches on land-deprived peasants’ pension security as the theoreticalreferences. Secondly， this article analyzes the situation of land lost andpension problem in China, then points out the result of pension problem fromland lost and Chinese government’s problems’ in resettlement and matters inthe mode of land-deprived peasants’ pension security led by the government.These issues do not appear in one day, behind which deep reasons must behidden. This article makes a preliminary study of the main factors areimperfect legal system,the problem in compensation system of landrequisition and the inherent problem of pension security. On that basis, inchapter5，this article puts forward a variety of countermeasures to set up andperfect land-deprived peasants’ pension security，including the reform of landacquisition system， the development of commercial insurance and familyand supplementary pension insurance. However，countermeasures mentionedare only temporary solutions，which are impossible to fundamentally solve theproblem of land-deprived peasants’ pension and really achieve the fairness ofnational treatment. As a matter of fact，the ultimate way for realizingland-deprived peasants’ pension is that the land-deprived peasants’ pension isclosely connected with urban residents’ pension system and they finallyachieve the consistency with the true realization of the integration of urbanand rural areas.