Economical Efficiency And Environmental Impacts Of Bastard Halibut Culture In China

With the growth of the world population, the fishery resourcesdo not meet the increasing demand for the seafood. Thereforeaquaculture takes more and more important place of even up thesupply to meet the demand. Since1970s aquaculture has beendeveloping sharply, up to now seafood already become thesignificant sources of the animal protein.Marine culture sprang up rapidly since1900s, as a result, themarine culture production of China, Japan, Korean,Philippine,Indonesia and Taiwan in the front ranks of the world. Aquacultureof china, which is the first major country, grow rapidly since1980s, and the production of aquaculture beyond that of fishingnearly20years ago. Turbot had introduced in China in1992, asthe development of the technique of artificial seed-rearing andthe extension of the “greenhouse+well water” model, the flatfish farming industry, the symbol of which are the Turbotand Bastard halibut, developed sharply. The main production areacovers Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Fujian and Guangdongprovinces and Tianjin city.Bastard halibut is one of the most successful marine culturespecies, as measured by the quantity produced, and istechnologically leading species in many areas. So estimating thewhole industry in scientific and comprehensive way is helpfulto improve the industry and also is a successful example for otherfishery production. So this thesis investigated the economicaleffects and the technical efficiency with the consideration ofthe environmental impacts. Collect the data which involves cost,revenue, production, and input levels, through the StratifiedChester random sampling method from Liaoning, Hebei, Shandongprovinces and Tianjin city. Using the cost-benefit, uncertaintyand variance analysis evaluated the economical effects and thedifferences between areas, models and with various larval. Inthe terms of environmental impacts, base on others’ researchresult and the investigation, analysis the environmentalpollution mechanism and the difference among the three modelsand estimate the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution with the mass balance method. Estimate the output distance function with thelinear programming and Stochastic Parameter two steps method toget the technical efficiency and the shadow price of theenvironmental outputs. The results as below, firstly, overviewthe development of the aquaculture economics, summarize theresearch point of the different phase. In the Comparison of theaquaculture economics research of foreign countries that ofChina is far behind. In the terms of the technical efficiency，it is the focus of aquaculture economics research since1900s,and some researchers began to considering the environmentalimpacts in the technical efficiency estimation. But in China,in the field this kind of research is few.The positive research result is that in the terms of economicaleffects, the pond culture mold has the lowest cost of one kilogramBastard halibut which is26.89yuan/KG, and with the intensivemodel is32.29yuan/KG, with the cage culture model is35.86yuan/KG. Compare to the intensive model and cage model, thepond model save5.5yuan/KG and8.97yuan/KG. Come to coststructure, fixing cost and variable represent34.18%and65.82%of the total cost with the intensive model,46.18%and53.82%withpond culture model,18.43%and81.57%with cage culture model. Talking about the capacity of profitability, the intensiveculture model is greatest the cost-profit ratio of which is67.57%, second is the pond culture model the ratio is57.12%,and the lowest one is the cage culture model, the ratio of whichis11.55%. The result of the break-even and sensitivity analysisshow that the intensive model has the greatest capacity to copewith the market risk, then is the pond culture model, and thecage culture model is worse than the formers. During the variousanalysis, fixing cost, variable cost and revenue is significantdifferent with different model, and variable cost and break-evenproduction is significant different with different areas, fixingcost and variable cost are significant different with differentlarval. In the aspect of the environmental impacts, marineculture influences the water bodies through the following5ways:biological pollution, organic pollution, fishery resources,eutrophication and chemical pollution, but it will be variousin different models. According to the mass balance, produce onekilogram of Bastard halibut will create0.113KG N and0.029KGP Pollutants.The technical efficiency of the Bastard halibut farming industryis0.8, there still exists20%to improve the revenue. The technical efficiency of entire three culture models performs0.8.The shadow prices of the N and P exist positive and negative,and is wide spreading. These results implies that the managementof the environmental impacts in different area is various andthe signal producer has different attitude about the dischargeof the pollutants. But the wide spreading of the shadow impliesthere is allocative inefficiency.