| With rapid urbanization in region, the size of population continues to expand; economic structure has been escalated and the economic strength per unit area has been enhanced continuously. And the spatial pattern of land use will change because of continuous expansion of urban space. The pressure on ecosystems from people is increasing. So the structure and service of ecosystem are directly or indirectly affected. The change of ecosystem services would severely hinder or undermine regional sustainable development. At present, it has been at the stage of accelerating urbanization in Xi’an. And in the future there will be the destination being highly clustered by people and industry of Shaanxi. So it was selected as case area for the study in this paper. Based on the socio-economic statistical data and land use data, by the GIS technology and a number of statistical methods in mathematical, the change characteristics in urbanization and ecosystem services were valued in paper from2000to2010, and the coordination relationship and the mechanism between urbanization and ecosystem services were explored. It is important to reveal the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem in theory. The study can also provide some practical support for decision-makers so as to coordinate the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in Xi’an city and similar rapid urbanization areas, promoting regional sustainable development of economy, society and environment.Through in-depth scientific and comprehensive study, these results were reached:Firstly, the level of urbanization had been significantly improved from2000to2010, and it had reached into the stage of rapid urbanization in Xi’an. There was large spatial difference of urbanization pattern in Xi’an, which changed slightly from2000to2010. There were high level of urbanization in region of inner urban area and its nearby areas, and low level of urbanization in region from outmost of inner urban area to northern of Qinling Mountain. The spatial pattern of the urbanization in2000in Xi’an showed that the level in the northern was higher than the southern. The spatial pattern in2010had changed. The urbanization reduced from the main city to the surrounding affected by urbanization radiation from the main city.Secondly, the value of ecosystem services was increased with a trend of fluctuations on the whole, and increased77.73million yuan from2000to2010in Xi’an. The supply service increased62.49million yuan, with the largest increase of these all ecosystem services. The farther from the center of urban, the higher the value of ecosystem service was. The total value of ecosystem service gradually changed from negative to positive and further increased with the geographical changes from the main city to the surrounding areas. There were spatial differences of the value of ecosystem service in Xi’an. The counties with high value of ecosystem services were in the southern of Xi’an. However, the counties with low and the negative value located northeast of Xi’an. Zhouzhi County, Hu County, Chang’an County and Lantian County contributed the largest to the value of ecosystem service. These counties were in Xi’an southern and near Qinling Mountain. However, counties in the main city and Yanta District contributed little even negative.Thirdly, the urbanization and ecosystem services were coupled with the performance of stages and volatility from2000to2010in Xi’an. Imitative cure of coupling degree between urbanization and ecosystem services in Xi’an (2000-2010) general showed an inverted "Z" shape. They were moderate associated. The coupling relationship between urbanization and ecosystem services in each county showed significantly spacital differences. There were two main regions which coupled weakly: one region was the centre of Xi’an including Beilin District, Lianhu District, and Xincheng District; the other was far away from the center of city including Zhouzhi County and Lantian County. Of the13counties, the first four disticts with moderate coupling degree mainly located northeast of Xi’an.Fourth, there was a strong correlation between level of urbanization and each ecosystem service. There was negative correlation between level of urbanization and support service, but positive correlation between level of urbanization and provision, regulation, entertainment services. The population, economic and spatial urbanization play more influence on each individual ecosystem service in Xi’an city. And economic urbanization accounted for the largest proportion. The urban population growth and rapid economic development were the dominant factors affecting the value of urban ecosystem service, and the same time the expansion of the urban space was a direct factor. |
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