The Problems In The System Of Supply Of Public Goods In Rural Areas And Improvement Measures

China is a large agricultural country, the rural population accounted for themajority of China’s total population, the "Three Rural Issues" stranded, not onlyrestricting the further rapid economic rapid development, but also hindered theprocess of modernization, is directly related to the sustainable economic andsocial developments. For over30years of reform and opening up, social,economic rapid development of farmers’ living standards are rising, while thedemand for public goods of the broad masses of peasants all aspects of health,education, social security, etc. is also increasing. Acceleration of the "three rural"issues is also economic and social dynamism of development and modernizationgradually exposed. Therefore, this paper, the real problem of rural public goodssupply system issues related to in-depth study, and gives certain recommendationsand proposals.The first part of the relevant concepts in rural public goods supply system beInterpretation awareness and content of dialysis at home and abroad on publicgoods and public goods in rural areas, according to the understanding of thesystem of public goods from the non-exclusive, non-competitive, indivisible sexthree perspectives to understand the characteristics of public goods, then plungeinto the rural public awareness of the system, expand the content andcharacteristics of the two angles of the main body of this article explore. Systemto sort out today’s first supply of public goods in rural areas: top-downgovernment decision-making system; system of financing of rural public goodsoutside the system, the use of the management system of the rural production ofpublic goods and public goods and rural public goods system.The second part from a diachronic perspective on the course of developmentof rural public goods supplies system to review, and grasp the systemdevelopment process. People’s commune period of the rural public product supplysystem in China with the economic development model of industrialization,urbanization, and modernization of agriculture to create value for the transfer to the industrial sector, the successful realization of the agricultural industry support,but the rural supply inadequate. After reform and opening to the taxes before thereform, the rural public product supply system reform to the formalimplementation of the household contract responsibility system as a symbol, it hasto undo the people’s commune system, and establish a township-level people’sgovernment and rural villagers’ committees and the establishment of townshipfiscal system. Township government thus lost direct economic managementfunctions can no longer direct access to the economic surplus; the country isdifficult to obtain economic benefit directly, with limited financial resources foragriculture."Discussions" to take to the supply of public goods in rural areasoutside the system into the system to manage the rural supply of public goods inthe reform of rural taxes, but because of the supporting structural reform andsimultaneously enhance the reform similar to the traditional the mandatoryadministrative operation of the mechanism. Retrospect can clearly see the systemto improve the effectiveness of different periods, it makes the rural nine-yearcompulsory education basically popularized and new rural cooperative medicalcare pilot programs continue to expand and continuously improve ruralinfrastructure, rural minimum living security system for continuous improvement.But for the results obtained happy at the same time, we have to see thedeficiencies of the existing system, such as the total lack of rural public goodssupply, widening the gap between the level of urban and rural public goods supply,rural public goods supply structural distortions.The third part of the root causes of the perspective of rural public goodssupply system is flawed from two aspects: the first is the concept of obstacles, atraditional rural society rely on relatives of the family unit to the formation ofsmall-scale peasant consciousness expansion spread to the market economy to theprice criteria for highly challenge; to "own" as the main relationship-based"personal relationship" play a decisive role, it is difficult to form spontaneousgroups, organizations, collective action is generally to rely on external forces tomaintain; Graded Sequence subjects heart so that people lack a sense ofdemocracy;"home" The survival of thinking and beliefs and enable farmers tolose the sense of responsibility. Institutional barriers, the urban-rural dualeconomic structure in rural areas to the city unilaterally to provide capital, labor and cheap land, and provide a solid material foundation for a relatively shortperiod to establish a complete industrial system and modernization, however,China The transition concerned about the neglect of the agricultural productionprocess of agricultural modernization, a lot of resources and capital flows towns,resulting in inadequate investment in agriculture, low productivity. Rural andtop-down supply decision-making mechanism, consumption of the main farmers’lack of willingness to pay for their own public goods in the absence of publicgoods, the expression of the channel is not smooth, the type of rural public goodssupply, the number of supply is essentially a grass-roots government, and withoutthe involvement of farmers. Therefore, the primary government officials,decision-making are likely to deviate from the public wishes. Tax system reformin China after the implementation of the centralized model, breaking the originalunified revenue and expenditure of the financial system, the provincial financialfocus to the central budget, local financial focus to the provincial finance,decentralization of central government powers, has not given the correspondingproperty rights, especially township government, their powers greater thanproperty rights, the township burden is too heavy and can not meet the farmers’demand for public goods. Government-led type of supply system, the Governmenthas become the main supply system, subject to the policy objectives and thefinancial impact of the public goods provided not only the number is limited, butthe quality is not high, does not meet the farmers’ public goods diverse,high-quality product requirements. Funding mechanism for short-actingcharacteristics of a single fund-raising, narrow channels, the lack of sustained,steady and foot World sources of funding, and the drawbacks of the hightransaction costs.Part IV, how to deal with system defects are a few points: establish theconcept of urban-rural integration is to change the urban-rural dual structure, toachieve the necessary process of urban-rural integration. Urban and ruraldevelopment planning, mainly to solve the blind and disorderly on the urban andrural development in accordance with the requirements of the developmentorientation, functional orientation, layout, fixed on the planning and design, urbanand rural organic unity in a room for development, as a large system, logistics.Integration of urban and rural industrial development, emphasis on industrial development in urban and rural areas, and strengthen the intrinsic link betweenthe three industries in urban and rural areas to promote the integration of the threeindustries, modern service industry development, the formation of the threeindustries promote each other, the pattern of linkage development. Coordinationof urban and rural labor employment, integration of urban and rural laborsafeguard in employment on the equality of opportunity to realize the urban andrural labor employment fact equality, mining and broaden the channels ofemployment. Integration of urban and rural infrastructure, on the one hand, toprevent and overcome the tendency of new rural construction is equivalent to theVillage building, on the other hand pay attention to grab from the visible, tangiblereality, as the cut to the construction of rural infrastructure point, and strive tosignificant changes occurred in a relatively short time to make the rural landscape.Integration of coordinating urban and rural social undertakings, and to acceleratethe development of rural education, culture, public health, the core is to improvethe quality of farmers, and cultivate educated, skilled, will operate the newfarmers. Coordination of urban and rural integration three civilizationconstructions, we must first strengthen the building of democracy at thegrass-roots level. Next, want to implement the countryside civilization as the keypoint. Third, we must continue to strengthen the farmers’ legal education andcomprehensive management of social work, and properly handle well thecontradictions involving the vital interests of the peasant masses. Sound anddiversifying funding mechanisms, the country’s dominance of financial support inthe financing of rural public goods, relying on the financial strength of theGovernment for the provision of infrastructure in rural areas, while liberalizationof market access for some products, the use of social capital, the maximum extentpossible to ease the pressure on the government finances the expansion of NGOfunding channels. Mobilize resources to channel to promote rural public funds tosupport efforts to increase the importance of rural economic life in the country,and guide the publicity of a variety of charitable organizations, to guide andencourage the parties to participate in voluntary contributions, increasing theproportion of domestic voluntary donations. Improve the supply of public goodsin rural areas and decision-making mechanism, the establishment of a new"top-down" and "bottom-up" a combination of rural public decision-making system, the real reaction of public opinion demand. Establish and improve thepublic finance system in rural areas, given property rights to the powers and dutiesdifferentiation system established at all levels of government to provide publicgoods, the scope of rights and responsibilities of governments at all levels inaccordance with the public goods benefit to determine the scope; improve therural system of transfer payments to take into account the vertical and horizontalconsider the equalization of public services on an equitable basis, to take theclassification of the implementation of distribution to achieve optimizationapproach "; adjust the Fiscal structure, increase the agricultural infrastructure, andincrease the rural basic education investment, increase investment in rural healthcare, expand cooperative medical care system coverage, increase agriculturaleducation, and increase farmers’ knowledge and skills training. Promote thesupply of public goods in rural areas the main development trends in thedevelopment and diversification, as the main body of the supply of public goods,pure public goods in Rural Areas must be provided by the government, but if thereis exclusive technology, then the private supply well become a source of supply.Can also launch a community supply, based on the actual needs of residents inaccordance with the principle of consultation by the farmers on their ownfund-raising or rural collective fund-raising to provide. Social non-profitorganizations to become the main subject of supply, namely, civil societyorganizations, voluntary not-for-profit purpose. Perfect the supervisionmechanism of the rural supply of public goods, speed up the institutionalization ofpublic goods in rural areas, the legal system, the pace of democratization; outsidethe system, the supervisory system for the needs of the main channels ofexpression, can also serve to reduce the decision-making system of internaldifferences role in promoting the decision-makers to reach a consensus.