Urban Poverty Space Differentiation And Anti-poverty Countermeasure Research

Poverty is a common task all over the world. Before the mid of 1990s, microscopically China’s poverty problem refers to the poverty in village, which is a long and complex issue, because of the factors of the nature and history. However, the urban poverty is becoming obvious with the increase of laid—off and unemployment since the mid and the end of the 1990s. It is out of expectation since the increase speed is so fast, broad and deep. At the bases of review of literatures about the concept of urban poverty, composition, spatial evolution reason mechanism and poverty alleviation measures, the thesis analysis the basic status and characteristics of Chinese urban poverty, and establish the research framework of the indicator system about spatial variation of urban poverty. It is different in main form of urban poverty in China’s provinces. The differences of the main manifestations in urban poverty between provinces in China were more systematic exploration. Take the example of Urumqi, Shanghai, Shenyang and Beijing representative, put forward the corresponding countermeasures. Main results of this dissertation go as follows:(1)The domestic and foreign research on the spatial distribution in urban poverty is still weak. The present research mainly concentrate on the concept of poverty, layered, the formation of the causes and countermeasures from an economic point and the sociological view of the city, But there is still no absolutely theory and method system directed against urban poverty. The research lack systematization, the elementary theory is weak and the research methods are limited. In the future the basic theoretical study and the multi-science fusion development should be strengthened, the research method and technique should be innovated, the research area should be developed and the comprehensive applied research should be strengthened.(2)The variation of urban poor characteristics was a large dispersion, the small concentration and the urban poverty incidence showing the three regions gradually increase. The distribution area of the urban poor is gradually expanding, is from the underdeveloped Mid-west area extended to the old industrial bases and resource-based cities, and then spread to the city dominated by traditional industries and small medium-sized enterprises. Accompanied by industrial growth and the evolution of the process of industrialization, the urban poor at the meso and macro level display the typical characteristics of the geographical distribution.(3)The thiese establishes indicators of comprehensive poverty using the MLSP (Minimum Living Standard Programme) recipients data, and summarises four key factors of deprivation by the method of factor analysis:housing facilities, employment state, economic poverty and professional and service type. It is different in main form of urban poverty in China’s provinces. Firstly There exits tin accumulative distribution of multiple factors and present "middle light, both sides heavy" in China. Secondly the thesis calculates the scores of multiple deprivation on the level of sub-districts. The spatial morphology of comprehensive poverty is a combination of "Y" radiation.(4) at the basis of understanding of China’s urban poverty spatial distribution,the thesis proposes chain of interaction mechanism of urban poverty from three parts: industrial restructuring and economic system transformation, social security is imperfect and weak financial strength of the government and the low individual’s own quality and high market demand. Firstly, the causes of spatial distribution in urban poverty incidence concentrate on these aspects as follows:natural conditions, the level of economic development, educational attainment and employment opportunities. Secondly, the reason of accumulative distribution of "middle light, both sides heavy" in China was analyzed by the international environment, and historical factors, industrial policy and economic development. As well as from the geographical environment, resource endowments and industrial structure described the causes of "Y" type radiation(5) The basic ideas and measures to address urban poverty were proposed. When making the policy to solve the urban poverty must according to the local condition. Take the example of Urumqi, Shanghai, Shenyang and Beijing representative, put forward the corresponding countermeasures. Finally the thesis reflects on the lack and further research in the future.