| For a long time,China’s urban poverty problem has not been taken seriously by policy makers and academia.Since 1995,China’s reform has entered a deep-water area.By 2010,China has basically completed the industrialization catch-up stage.During this period,it has experienced the reform of state-owned enterprises,marketization of education and health care,price reform,urban poverty has gradually attracted attention.In 2010,China’s per capita GDP exceeded 4000 US dollars,formally entered the ranks of middle-income countries.At the same time,China’s economic growth began to slow down,economic development entered a new normal,industrialization entered the stage of independent innovation.In the process of China’s transformation from a manufacturing power to an innovative power,social stability is the guarantee of China’s successful transformation,and one of the important contents is the prevention and treatment of urban poverty in China.This paper predicts that China’s urbanization rate will reach about 80% by 2050,and basically complete urbanization.In the next 30 years,urban poverty will become the focus of poverty control in China.Urban poverty control is different from rural poverty alleviation.It has complex influencing factors,high cost of governance and great difficulty in poverty alleviation.The reason why policy makers and academic circles do not pay attention to China’s urban poverty problem is that they ignore the impact of China’s urban poverty on economic and social development.If the understanding of China’s urban poverty is insufficient and the consequences of urban poverty are underestimated,urban poverty will affect social harmony and stability.Research on the prevention and treatment of urban poverty in China,this paper mainly expands from the following two aspects.On the one hand,this paper argues that China’s economy has entered a new normal,while China’s industrialization has entered the stage of independent innovation.If the seriousness of the consequences of urban poverty is underestimated,the problem of urban poverty in China is likely to be further aggravated.On the other hand,in order to effectively prevent and control urban poverty in China,we analyzed the macro and micro reasons for the formation of urban poverty in China,and put forward the urban poverty control program on this basis.This paper focuses on the consequences and causes of urban poverty.Firstly,it combs the mechanism of the impact of poverty on the psychological and economic behavior of the poor,and empirically tests the impact of poverty on the subjective welfare of poor family members.Secondly,the dynamic poverty decomposition method is used to analyze the causes of urban poverty change in China,and the bilateral stochastic frontier method is used to explore the factors affecting the income of urban migrants,and from the poor individual,family,community three levels of analysis of the formation of urban poverty micro reasons.This paper can be divided into five parts,including eight chapters,the specific content of each chapter is as follows:Part Ⅰ(Chapter 1): Introduction.This part first introduces the background and significance of this topic,combines with the relevant literature on urban poverty at home and abroad,and based on the background of urban development in China,with the impact of poverty on the psychological and economic behavior of the poor as a starting point,discusses the prevention and governance of urban poverty in China,and finally introduces the specific research ideas and framework of this paper.Part Ⅱ(chapters 2 and 3): the research background,current situation and trend of urban poverty in China.This part consists of two chapters.Chapter 2 introduces the research background of urban poverty in China.Chapter 3 introduces the current situation and trend of urban poverty in China.Chapter 2 is based on two major backgrounds.One is that China is in a period of rapid urbanization,and the other is that China’s industrialization has entered the stage of independent innovation.This chapter first introduces the current situation and existing problems of China’s urbanization,correctly understanding the achievements of China’s urbanization,at the same time,in-depth analysis of several misunderstandings of China’s urbanization.Secondly,it analyses the various social contradictions accumulated in China’s industrialization catching-up stage,as well as the opportunities and challenges that industrialization independent innovation brings to urban poverty management.Finally,it reviews the evolution of urban poverty in China,and analyses the new characteristics of urban poverty after China’s economy enters a new normal.Chapter 3 analyses the basic situation of urban poverty in China from three perspectives: income poverty,asset poverty and spiritual poverty.It focuses on the methods of estimating asset poverty and spiritual poverty of urban households and the incidence of poverty.Finally,it forecasts the speed of urbanization and the scale of urban poverty in China.Part Ⅲ(Chapter 4): The economic and social impact of urban poverty.This part first analyses the impact mechanism of poverty on the psychological and economic behavior of the urban permanent population,and finds that the negative psychological impact of poverty on the poor leads to the poor making economic decisions that are not conducive to long-term development,and leads the poor to fall into the poverty trap.Afterwards,we empirically tested the impact of poverty psychology on the subjective welfare of family members.We found that in urban households in China,after being affected by poverty psychology,family social expenditure decision-making has a serious impact on their family members’ life satisfaction,confidence in future life,social status,family harmony and other subjective welfare,which is not conducive to the family getting out of poverty.Part Ⅳ(Chapters 5 and 6): The causes of urban poverty in China.This part includes two chapters,Chapter 5,the macro-causes of urban poverty in China,and Chapter 6,the microcauses of urban poverty in China.Chapter 5 firstly introduces the advantages of the dynamic poverty decomposition method and then USES the dynamic poverty decomposition method to analyze the causes of urban poverty changes in China.Secondly,this paper analyzes the wage game ability of China’s urban floating population with the bilateral stochastic frontier analysis method,and on this basis discusses how to improve the wage income level of China’s urban floating population at the macro level and avoid the floating population falling into poverty.Chapter 6 uses the data of China Family Tracking Survey(CFPS)to construct the panel data of urban households,analyses the micro-causes of urban poverty,and the causes of family poverty under different poverty standards,as well as the heterogeneity of urban poverty in different comprehensive economic zones.PartⅤ(Chapters 7 and 8): Based on the above analysis of the consequences and causes of urban poverty,this paper puts forward the ideas of urban poverty control in the context of China’s industrialization entering the stage of independent innovation.Chapter 8 summarizes the main conclusions,research deficiencies and future research directions.The innovation of this paper is mainly embodied in the following aspects:(1)Combining the theory of vicious circle of poverty and the theory of poverty culture,this paper analyses the mechanism of the influence of urban poverty on the psychological and economic behavior of family members,and empirically tests the influence of poverty psychology on the subjective welfare of urban family members,prevents urban poor families from falling into poverty trap,weakens the impact of urban poverty on economic and social,and enriches the theory of urban poverty management.(2)Based on the data of China’s household tracking survey,this paper uses an efficient dynamic poverty decomposition method to decompose the causes of the change of urban household poverty in China,and to find out the macro-factors leading to the poverty of urban households in China.Floating population is a vulnerable group in cities.Based on bilateral stochastic frontier analysis method,this paper analyses the factors that restrict the increase of wage income of floating population.Provides the basis for government departments to improve the quality of urbanization and urban poverty control.(3)This paper uses panel data of urban households to analyze the micro-causes of urban poverty.However,some variables in family and community characteristics do not change with time and are not suitable for panel fixed effect regression.Fixed effect vector decomposition method is used to obtain more credible results of urban poverty micro-causes regression.On this basis,the causes of family poverty under different poverty criteria are analyzed.The heterogeneity of urban poverty in different regions provides the basis for micro-governance of urban poverty.The shortcomings of this paper are as follows:Firstly,due to the limitation of data,the indicators of urban poverty measurement are not ideal.For example,when estimating household asset poverty,the classification of household assets in CFPS data is not detailed enough and the quality of asset data is not high.Mental poverty only involves family members’ satisfaction with life,work and social environment,as well as family members’ subjective emotions.The estimation of asset poverty rate and mental poverty rate is relatively rough.Secondly,this paper uses an efficient dynamic poverty decomposition method to decompose the causes of the change of urban household poverty in China.The advantage of this method is that the decomposition results do not contain residual items and cross-terms,and can overcome the inconsistency of poverty standards and lack of data,and can more accurately decompose the macro-causes of urban household poverty in China.Whether the wage income of the floating population can be sustained and stable in the city directly affects the quality of life of the floating population in the city.From the perspective of information asymmetry in the employment market of the floating population,based on the bilateral stochastic frontier analysis method,this paper analyses the factors that restrict the increase of the wage income of the floating population.Provides the basis for government departments to improve the quality of urbanization and urban poverty control..Thirdly,the dynamic poverty decomposition method is used to analyze the change of urban poverty in China,but the explanatory power of urban poverty decomposition is limited due to the small sample size of urban households. |
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