The Ecological Compensation Mechanism Research Of The Mineral Resources Exploitation In Tibet

Tibet autonomous region is rich in mineral resources. It is not onlythe important storage base of national strategic resources, but also anecological protection barrier in China. The development of mineralresources in Tibet has a huge impetus function for Tibet’s economicdevelopment, but at the same time, while the mining industry promotingeconomic growth, it also brings serious environmental pollution andecological damage problem to the fragile ecological environment in Tibet.In the recent years, the whole country has put forward the exploitationof mineral resources in view of sustainable development. As theimportant national strategic resource storage base, there will be greatsignificance to Tibet’s economic and social development if we realize thesustainable development of mineral resources in Tibet. And theestablishment and improvement of ecological compensation mechanismof the mineral resources development is an important way to realize thesustainable development of mineral resource in Tibet.According to the relevant theoretical study of the ecologicalcompensation mechanism and drawing lessons from the advancedexperience at home and abroad, this article aims to put forward to perfectthe suggestion for ecological compensation mechanism of mineralresources exploitation in Tibet. The main research contents andconclusions are as follows: 1. The exploitation of mineral resources in Tibet has caused greaterenvironmental pollution and ecological destruction. At present, Tibet hasinitially introduced some ecological compensation policy related tomineral resources development. However, there is much problem such asthe lack of effective financial security, related laws and regulations andtechnical standards. The United States, Australia and other countries arewell-experienced in ecological compensation practice, so theirformulation of relevant laws and regulations, the establishment of"restoration" fund, ecological tax and so on can provide meaningfullessons for the ecological compensation mechanism of mineral resourcesdevelopment.2. It has established the ecological compensation standard model ofthe mineral resources development. The compensation standard iscomposed of two parts: the loss of ecological destruction andenvironmental pollution loss. Ecological loss includes direct and indirectloss and ecological restoration cost. At last, we have to use pollutioncharge standards to measure the loss because of the difficulty inaccurately measuring which is due to the loss of environmental pollution.3. At present, Compared with the domestic and foreign practicalexperience, there are still some problems in Tibet ecologicalcompensation mechanism, such as single compensation way, imperfectlevy system, the lack of effective financial security, the lack of the relevant laws and regulations and technical standards. We should drawlessons from the advanced experience at home and abroad, establish andimprove the management system of mine environmental recovery,expand the scope of the tax and raise the tax rate, so as to continuouslyimprove the collection system and ensure the the supply of funds ofenvironment manages; at the same time, we should continue to establishand improve.4. About the ecological compensation mechanism for mineral resourcesdevelopment in Tibet. We should adhere to the principle that polluter pays,charge is not lower than the environmental recovery and managementcosts, and establish both the government compensation and the marketcompensation step by step; We should put forward the subjects ofecological compensation that includes not only the resource developers,but also processers, users and consumers of mineral products resource; inmining area, the local government and residents are the objects ofcompensation.