A Research On Node Localization And Routing Potocol Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks is an emerging network. Its great prospect and potential scientificvalue attract a large number of countries, institutions, enterprises and companies to compete toresearch and develop the key technologies and applications of Wireless Sensor Networks.As one ofthe key technologies of Wireless Sensor Networks, routing protocols achieve optimal path selectionfrom the source node to the destination node. Geographical routing protocols effectively route byusing node location information. They can save the energy consumption and reduce the hardwarerequirements of the sensor nodes. In Wireless Sensor Networks, the node hardware resource isconstrained, while the node energy is limited, so the geographical routing protocols are the bestchoice of Wireless Sensor Networks. And that node self-localization is the basis of geographicalrouting and many other applications of Wireless Sensor Networks.Firstly, this paper researchs the existing Wireless Sensor Networks node self-localizationalgorithms, that they are RSSI and DV-Hop. It analyses the localization principles and mechanismsof the two algorithms thoroughly. And it summes and explores the advantages and disadvantages ofeach algorithm. Then, on the basis of RSSI and DV-Hop, it proposes a Union localization algorithmbased on RSSI and DV-Hop (URD). URD employs the ranging technology selection strategy,avoids localization errors’ sensitive areas of each algorithm to improve localization accuracy.Then, aimed at the phemomenon existing in the existing geographical routing protocols thatnodes’ energy consumptions are imbalanced in networks, this paper proposes a Geographical andEnergy Balanced Routing protocol (GEBR). GEBR proposes a virtual gateway strategy to focus onbalancing the energy consumptions of the nodes within gateway’s communication range. In GEBR,the network is divided into virtual area and non-virtual area; the routing design is modularized byusing a step-by-step routing strategy; the balancing of the energy consumption is achieved byadding energy balancing strategy and the network lifetime is prolonged.