Independent Critique And The Reform Of Higher Education In The1930S

The Independent Critique (founded in Peking in May1932, and ceased publication in July1937) is a political magazine, which was one of the most influential publications at that time. It was established in the background of Chinese national calamity, with the liberal intellectuals of Hu Shi, Ding Wenjiang, Ren Hongjun and so on, as its major editor. Most of the writers are university teachers or researchers, and the majority of them had studied abroad, are the real social elite. Their articles appealed to intellectuals and young students as their prominent knowledge and thought. Higher education has always been highly valued because of in charging with the important task of national academic research and training technical personnel.1930s was the period of Chinese higher education system stereotypes, the national government has taken a series of measures to rectify and reform higher education,In Independent Critique, there were lots of unique insights and valuable advices for the current situation and reform of higher education and the government’s education policy, which caused the great social repercussions, and has a certain role in promoting for the development of higher education in China.With the center of articles for higher education in Independent Critique, combining with other educational media, this study analyze the scholars’claim about the issues such as university reform, higher teacher education reform and academic freedom, explore the relationship between "Independent Review" conducted by the1930s higher education reform.This study composed by seven parts, including the foreword, main body five parts, and conclusion.The foreword outlines the topics of reason, current research, concept definition, research ideas and methods of the study. The first part is to introduce the Independent Critique’s whole story as well as the founding purpose, and the overview of the main founders and writers, sort out the publication of articles about higher education in general.The second part, carding the analysis of the causes of China’s higher education issues made by some liberal educators around the Independent Critique, including the influence come from education ideological, political and the lack of educational programs and other aspects.Part3discusses the members of Independent Critique discussions on the reforming of higher education, their ideas and suggestions on cutting down and merging University, adjusting the proportion of subjects in university, setting the university institute.Part4presents the view of the Independent Critique in higher normal education abolition and the influence, and valuates the significance of the controversy.In the fourth part, I expounded the liberal educators’ proposal for academic freedom. In Independent Critique, the academic freedom advocates can be divided into three areas:higher education independence, China’s academic independence and rational handling the relationship between academic and salvation.The epilogue, combined with the historical background of higher education in the1930s, summarize the higher education reform advocates in the Independent Critique.