Study On Basic Public Services Of The Floating Population In Beijing

With the development of urbanization, the floating population inflow of Beijingtends to settle and live in Beijing, is increasingly obvious, they are graduallybecoming "Beijing Man" without Beijing permanent resident. In the current socialcontext, study on the floating population’s basic public services issues,comprehensively addressing population issues, narrowing the urban-rural disparities,regional disparities, maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of floatingpopulation, promoting the harmonious and sustainable development of populationand economic society, is of great significance. Citizens regardless of geographic,ethnic, gender, income and status differences, to be commensurate with the level ofeconomic and social development, the results approximate Equalization of basicpublic services. Basic public service is divided into narrow sense and generalizedsense. Narrow sense relates to individual basic livelihood needs generally, includingareas of public services such as education, employment, social security, medicalhealth, family planning, housing guarantees, cultural and sports. Generalized sensealso includes the mass public needs, relating to areas of public services such astraffic, communications, public facilities, environmental protection, public security,consumption security and defense security. Through empirical investigation, inBeijing the floating population’s social insurance rates are higher than national level,the floating population have enjoyed more items public service,for example, healthadvisory and the check, family planning service, employment advisory and thecareer training, culture, legal advisory, more than half of the floating population likeBeijing and have wishes to live in Beijing. However, demand and supply for thepopulation’ basic service still exist gap, the floating population of high laborintensity also need to increase labor guarantees efforts. The government plays animportant role in the provision of public services, but the level of public servicesprovided by size of population, level of public resources, local financial ability, thegovernment management system and other factors influence. Beijing of city multifunctional positioning, capital advantage, economic development level,employment post, low life cost pull concentration of population. Difficult to reverseof floating population growth situation will exacerbate Beijing available waterresources, land, energy, resources of shortage and public transportation, publiceducation, health and other public services pressure. The local financial ability effectthe investment of basic public services. Government departments’ functionsfragmentation, government sector resources sharing difficultly, and geo-orientedmanagement systems affect the implementation of the policies on the basic publicservices. Contributing to the development of the floating population in Beijing, theGovernment has the responsibility to protect the population’s basic rights of publicservices equalization, not to reduce public services to the population as a means ofalleviating pressure on public services. We can use a variety of measures, forinstance, the use of economic instruments and market mechanisms to guide ofspontaneous movements, establishment of Jing-Jin-JI Metropolitan enhanceddiffusion effect to evacuate Beijing Central City population, research anddevelopment of new and renewable energy, improving the efficiency of land use, etc.Establish by the government departments at all levels, community (village), publicservices organizations composed of operating mechanism to achieve the supply ofbasic public services. Government is dominant, and provides policy support andfunding; Community (village) assist government management, is responsible forpublicity mobilization and organization social forces. Public services organizationsfocused on capacity-building, especially in the most closely related to the people’slivelihood areas of health care, education and pension, within the scope of the policyto provide high quality services.