The Beginning And End Of The "civil Rights Guarantee Alliance" And Thought Enlightenment

Before “the May Forth”, the western learning was abstracted as “HumanRights” and “Science”. After Chen Duxiu replaced the “Human Rights” as the“Democracy” and people called the democracy and science as Mr. De and Mr.Sai for short, it was indicated that the concept of democracy could cover theideas of human rights and while developing human rights, we should also laystress on developing the democracy. The core of the Principle of Democracyraised by Sun Yat-sen is to develop democracy. But after Chiang Kai-shek tookpower, he carried out a series of dictatorial rules, which extremely damagedthe human rights, the democracy then became merely words. In this case,Sooing Qingling founded “China League for Civil Rights”(CLCR) at the end of1932to guarantee the human rights of Chinese people, and specific in fightingfor freedom of speech of people and rescuing political offender arrested byChiang Kai-shek illegally, most of which were CPC. But unfortunately, CLCRwas disbanded half a year later for the reason of Chiang Kai-shek’s dictatorialrules and cruel assassination.Practically, CLCR has two missions: one is to carry on Sun Yat-sen’s Principleof Democracy, which is the fundamental of political revolution, that they werestriving for to realize. The second is to defend the basic human rights frominfringing. But in fact, CLCR only set about the later while ignored the former.Even though Soong Qingling had been aware of the essentiality of politicalrevolution, it’s too hard for such kind of organization to make political revolutioncome true. Theoretically, as an organization aimed to guarantee the humanrights, they should take on those dual missions. The Human Rights we calledwas interpreted into “Civil Rights” in the western world, because theyexplicated the Civil Rights as Human Rights, however, Sun Yat-sen regardedthe Civil Rights as “People’s Power”, which emphasized democracy meaningin the whole meanings of the Civil Rights. Those two parts of meanings definedthe dual-meaning of the Civil Rights, also defined the dual-mission the CLCRshould undertake as well.The disbandment of the CLCR made the dual-mission of the Civil Rights fell on the CPC, who was the indeed successor of the Three People’s Principles.Even during regional power age, CPC already took the building of thedemocracy and the guaranteeing of the Human Rights very seriously.Therefore, the development of the Civil Rights and the Human Rights achievedan unprecedented height in Chinese history as far as the establishment of NewChina. But the building of Civil Rights stepped backwards after the founding ofP.R.C that made the building of Human Rights walk as if on eggs. However,until Chinese reform and opening up to the outside world and the coming of thenew century, CPC has established theories of the Human Rights with Chinesecharacteristics step by step, also has explored a way adapted to China’s realityto develop the democracy.