The Typical Particles In Primary Chinese Textbooks "?,?, "the Investigation And Analysis

On The basis of former study, the paper investigates the designation of the Chinese modal particle "Ma, Ne, Ba, A" in five series of Chinese elementary textbooks, and analyses the specialities of rates of usages in differnent patterent of sentences, explainations and exercises designation. Based on the above analysis, according to the theory background of three levels in grammar, the theory of teaching Chinese a secgond language and The Contrastive Linguistics, this paper is trying to get an all-around understanding of the layout and design of the Chinese modal particle in Chinese elementary textbooks.The paper can be divided into four chapters:Chapter1briefly retrospects the research situation of the Chinese modal particle "Ma, Ne, Ba, A" so far. We find the research has stayed on the research from the angle of sentence structure and semantics. At the same time, the outcomes of these researches are very different and they have not made an unanimous opinion in this field.There are very few papers which research these Chinese modal particle from the angle of pragmatics. The studies of Chinese modal particle "Ma, Ne, Ba, A" in teaching Chinese as a second language is much less plentiful than the ontological studies.The paper sets its research direction and aim on the basis of current studies.Chapter2studies the layouts, explainations and design of exercises in these five series of Chinese textbooks by the methods of description and correlation. According to the contrast between the usage rates in different sentence patterns of native speakers and Chinese textbooks, we find that the layouts of these Chinese modal particle in these Chinese textbooks basically are disigned by the rates of native speakers. But some of the examples of "Ma, Ne, Ba, A" are a little few. These five series of textbooks almost make the explainations from the angle of sentence structure and semantics. We think that it’s very useful for international students to command and use these modal particles and learn Chinese cultures if explaining these modal particles from the angle pragmatics, such as the context,condition of usages and different applications. In the field of exercises, Chinese Base has no arrangement and design exercises about these modal particles. Elementary Chinese textbook needs to enrich the form of exercises and increases the quantity of exercises. Boya Chinese (Ⅰ Ⅱ) and Target Chinese· Elementary (1-4volume) relatively have much more kinds of exercises and abundant quantities. New Practicle Chinese Reader Textbook has the most richful form and the biggest quantities of exercises.This proofs that some editors of the Chinese textbooks realized the importance of exercises and improved the design of exercises.Based on the research achievements of others and the above analysis, Chapter3puts forward some ideas and suggestions on designation of Chinese textbooks in the fields of text, explanation and exercises.As for the text, the editors should rejust the rates of usage of modal particle in different pattern of sentences. They ought to choose the material of dialoges from native speakers. At the same time, they must keep the turn-taking shift natural and fluency. As for the explanation, the editors should introduce some formats and adverbs about the modal particle, set the context and translate the examples. At the aspect of exercises, they should increase the forms of quantity.Chapter4summarize this paper and point ot the weakness of this paper.