| Introduction of Mentor Mr. Zhang Zhen:Senior Researcher of Yunnan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chief Physician, famous senior TCM doctor, expert entitled State Council special government allowance, former review member of Chinese National Natural Foundation of TCM Committee, and review member of Western and Chinese medicine combination treatment subject, reviewer of Chinese new medicines, committee member of China National Committee of TCM Variety Protection, Theoretic&Researches Committee Member of China Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Director of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, member of foreign languages study, instructor for the Fourth TCM Experts Experience and Academic Exchange Training, and other positions. He has been involved in Chinese traditional medicine and scientific research for more than50years, pursuing his study and treatment by master the classics essence, integrate subjects, and study of broad literatures. In the long time research and clinical practice, he gradually developed a unique academic thinking and clinical experience, particularly in the hierarchy of TCM symptoms and other aspects. His innovative theoretical insights have made contribution for the development of Chinese medicine. He has been awarded three prizes such as the second and third prizes of "Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award", being respected and be-loved by people due to his superb medical skills, noble professional ethics, and good moral of saving people in the world.1. The academic thinking and treatment philosophy of Mentor Mr. Zhang Zhen(1) Hierarchy theory of syndrome Master Zhang is one of the first talents studied Western theories, however he has been concentrating on the CTM theories and diseases treatment by his extensive knowledge. In the study of the syndrome, he brings forward an innovative opinion of syndrome hierarchy, that the syndrome are in three levels, namely, the core syndrome, basic syndromes, and specific syndromes; Then the specific syndromes are divided into two subjects and eight categories, with analysis of the rules in different diagnosis of the syndrome. This theory has enriched the content of syndromes study, revealing all kinds of internal relations, enriched and improved the academic ideology for the Chinese traditional medical diagnosis and treatment.(2) Advocate for the theory of "ascending&descending of Qi" Mentor Zhang believes that the so-called "Qi" refers to the subtle materials in human body maintaining life. To name a few of them, inherited Qi, water and food, breathing air, etc.. All these Qi contain energy and perform in the physiological function of organs and tissues. The move of these subtle materials and changes in energy occurring with the move is called "dynamic of Qi". The process and performance of Qi mobilization is called "" Qi Mechanism". The basic forms of Qi mobilization include the Qi descending, ascending, in and out. So the Qi moving inside human organs is a contradiction unification of increasing or decreasing of Qi, e.g. the descending and ascending of Qi.The descending, ascending, in and out of Qi is a metabolism and maintenance of life process. Human body physical activities are mainly based on the movements of Qi, either descending, ascending, in or out. The Qi is moving, descending and ascending in the human’s organs, and meridians, blood and body fluids, which safeguard and maintain balance in the body and normal physiological function. It is constantly helping the metabolism happening.(3) Put emphasis on distinguish symptoms of diseases, seeking for evidence and accuracy Master Zhang believes that treatment should be based on distinguish the symptoms of diseases, which is the first priority. Accurate distinguishing of symptoms is the prerequisite for a "targeted" treatment. In the distinguishing of symptoms, Four Diagnoses (Look, smell, ask, exam) bearing same weight and one diagnose should never replace the others is the principle of Master Zhang. He believes that all the diseases in human life have visible symptoms and the reasons for analyze,"seek for evidence and accuracy" is the foundation of distinguish the symptoms of diseases, and is the evidence for treatment. A targeted treatment based on distinguishing of the symptoms is closely related with pathogenesis. Only by taking the plain principle to address complex problems, determine treatment based on distinguishing of people, diseases, time, location, could a doctor treat his patients with a clear view.(4) Harmonizing and balance of Qi is the greatness in treatment Master Zhang points out that Qi is the material basis of life-sustaining, and changes (descending, ascending, in, out) is the basic forms of Qi. A smooth and harmonious Qi is the symptom of normal physiological functions, also the fundamental life-sustaining activities; Imbalance of Qi is the rooting reasons for pathological changes in our organs, yin and yang, blood, meridians and so on. The classics "Plain Questions-pain theory" wrote that "many diseases born from Qi problem". There for, Master Zhang thinks that harmonizing and balance of Qi is the greatness in treatment. Through the harmonizing and balance of Qi, normal its changes (descending, ascending, in, out), smooth the mechanism of Qi, we can achieve the purposes of normal function of organs, balance Yin and Yang, nurture blood&meridian, hence cure the diseases.(5) Pay attention to the spleen and kidney, protect fundamental organsSustain fundamental organs and cure diseases is the highest level in clinical medicine."Sustain fundamental organs and cure diseases" means that seeks for the rooting reasons for diseases and target for the rooting reasons in treatment.Master Zhang attaches importance to both inherited or after birth developed fundamentals in human body, particularly good at adjust and balance Qi in spleen and kidney. He often quotes sayings from Li Zhongzi that,"’diseases treatment must based on its rooting reasons. Root is the reasons and origins. No headwater, no rivers. No root, no trees. Trace the headwater you will find clear river, and water the root you will have green leaves. It is nature essence. Hence a doctor should look for the rooting reasons of diseases. It is said that the roots can be classified as inherited roots and after-birth developed roots. The essence of inherited roots is kidney, just like the head water in north linking the sky. The essence of after birth developed roots is the spleen, just like the mud in earth, the mother of all materials. The saying teaches us that we need to put emphasis on adjust the imbalance of yin and yang in a sick person, which is the fundamental goal of the treatment.Both spleen and kidney are important organs, the roots of life, so importance should put on the spleen and kidney in diseases treatment and recovering. In the treatment of diseases, spleen and kidney should be protected to facilitate rehabilitation of patients.In the treatment of complex diseases, Master Zhang put emphasis on looking for leading reasons of diseases due to weakening Qi. Take HIV/AIDS patients as an example, their body has less right Qi, the evil energy invading, organs injured, virus hide in cells or transmitted through pregnancy or baby birth, attack organs and blood, gradually wasting Qi, bring imbalance between yin and yang hence diseases, so in a comprehensive treatment, it should includes uphold Qi and dispel the evil elements.2A Research on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment&Effects in Protracted Withdrawal Syndromes among Heroin Addicts, by following the distinguish symptoms of diseases concept of Master Zhang Since the1980s, drug has been prevalence in the world-wide endangering human health and social peace, which has become a serious international problem and aroused worldwide attention. In China, the drug problem is also showing a growing and spreading tendency. Anti-drug work will be a lengthy process and long-term task.The research on heroin addiction and withdrawal mechanism is one of the hotspot among medical professions. TCM has a long history in drug detoxification treatment application, has being tested in long-term clinical practices, formed treatment philosophy for acute detoxification stage and with some good treatment plans and medicines, however, it still lacks effective methods for the protracted withdrawal syndrome in the rehabilitation stage of heroin users. As the protracted withdrawal syndrome exists very long and recurrent often, so it is a" key reason of relapse. Through literature search, we have found that there are few researches or reports about TCM protracted withdrawal syndrome, and it is not clear the characteristics of TCM and its evolution on protracted withdrawal syndrome for heroin addicts, though some classified symptoms are existing in general clinical essays, they lack of systematic, bigger scale and prospective study. Therefore, it is necessary to implement syndromes classification study and evolution rules study under the guidance of Mentor Zhang, thus to supply a necessary theoretical basis for TCM in drug use detoxification and rehabilitation.(1) Aim of this ResearchTo explore TCM characteristic in heroin addicts protracted withdrawal syndrome treatment in the rehabilitation stage after detoxification, to understand the natural distribution of the syndromes, to analyze symptoms in different stages, summarize suggestions and clinical indicators for different stages of protracted withdrawal syndrome in TCM treatment, thus provide further theoretical basis for TCM in drug addiction treatment and rehabilitation. (2) Research contents and methods:This study is one part of National Natural Science Foundation Project "Research on Evolution Pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome Manifestation and its Biological Mechanism (subject number:81060278). This research includes two parts, besides literature reviews, the others are about observation of heroin addicts protracted withdrawal syndrome, the distribution, clinical stages and TCM treatment characteristics.(3) Research resultsThe symptoms have high frequency of common occurrence:fatigue, night sweats, joints pain, muscle pain, anxiety, difficulty falling asleep, early awakening, easy to wake up, irritability, thirst for drugs, headache and so on. In term of analysis to the symptoms in stage three, it is observed that with time going after detoxification, some symptoms gradually reduced, such as fatigue, night sweats, palpitation and others. This hints us that weak Qi, weak Yin has been gradually improving, however with a very slow speed; there is less changes in the frequency of sleep disorders, irritability, pains in the body.Stage three survey clients all have varying degrees of depression and anxiety symptoms. With time going after detoxification, the depression and anxiety symptoms can be eased.Syndrome distribution and dynamic changes:with time going after detoxification, the syndrome has the following characteristics in the protracted withdrawal stage:First, stagnation of Qi and blood, kidney and heart not performing coordinately, blood stasis, the frequency of liver problem increasing; Second, liver problem, Qi stagnation, heart and spleen weaker,"humid hot" hinder, and the frequency of liver problem decreasing with certain time after detoxification; third, liver and spleen weaker, liver and kidney deficiency, Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, spleen deficiency, weaker spleen, and the frequency of "heart fire flaming" has no significant difference between the groups. In the Syndromes grouping, it was found that most clients are belong to comprehensive syndromes group, the less people in for group2, and least clients in group3; different syndromes groups have no significant differences.Through this study, it is found that the symptoms of the syndrome, the frequency of the syndrome is dynamic and show certain regularity. The symptoms are gradually alleviated with time going, but the process is very slow. The syndrome combinations are dynamic as well, no matter in which stage, combination of syndromes group2and3are exist in all the stages. It hints us that heroin addicts, after detoxification, their protracted withdrawal syndrome is very complex. The symptoms include both psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, drug craving, etc.), and there are physical symptoms and signs (physical discomfort, sleep disorders, etc.). It involves many organs, and the pathogenesis is very complex, with stasis, heat, deficiency and real pains. It is an evolution process that rightness struggle with evil elements, and a process of actual symptom and psychological issues. |
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