Dialect Grammar Research On The Yellow River Basin In North-central Of Shandong

At present there are a lot of books and papers about dialect grammar, but there are many deficiencies compared with the pronunciation and vocabulary, integrity and regional grammar study is seldom. In this paper, the author will adopt the method of combining description and comparison, combined with the regional cultural and geographical factors, make a whole dialect grammar study about the Yellow River basin in north-central of Shandong. In this paper, the author selected Jinan, Zhanhua, Lijin, Guangrao, Boxing, Huantai, Zouping, Zhangqiu, Gaoqing, Binzhou, Yangxin, Huimin, Shanghe, Jiyang, Licheng, Linyi, Qihe, Yucheng, Changqing nineteen counties and cities as dialect points, has carried on the on-the-spot investigation according to the Shandong dialect grammar research outline. Based on the relatively rich first-hand material, the author used for reference the modern Chinese grammar and the dialect grammar research, used the three plane theory and method, described and explained some important words and sentences. In this paper, the author described the nineteen dialect points, summarized the similarities and differences of them, and made a simple comparison with the mandarin on the form, meaning and function. To ensure that in the limited space, not only comprehensively describe the dialect, but also can highlight the uniqueness of dialect grammar in this area.The full text is divided into eight parts:Chapter1’The introduction". Introduced the human geography, general pronunciation situation, research status and significance, research purpose and research methods of the Yellow River basin in north-central of Shandong.Chapter2’The content word". Researched the noun, the verb, the pronoun, three kinds of content words. Negative meaning nouns used widely, various forms and mostly used to refer to that people who have some defects." V+ba/da/cha/la/you/me " can express repeat, random and transient. The demonstrative pronoun "nie" made the language expression more exactly. Chapter3’The empty word". The purposive auxiliary word "de" is equivalent to the "qu" in the mandarin, expressing purposing. The preposition "cong" not only has the usage of "cong" in the mandarin, but also has the usage of "zai" in the mandarin. The auxiliary word "ke" enriched the language expression of regional dialects.Chapter4’The expression of passable meaning". The expression of passable meaning mainly have four forms,"neng+verb","Verb+de","Verb+de+complement""Verb+complement+le","Verb+/e" in the Yellow River basin in north-central of Shandong.Chapter5’The expression of disposal meaning and passive meaning" The expression of disposal meaning have "Put"’s disposal sentence,"Give"’s disposal sentence, Verb+Objiet+directional/palace complement three forms. The expression of passive meaning have "rang/jiao/gei/zhao" four passive tags. Among them,"rang/jiao" existed in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but now the frequency and characteristic changed in a degree.Chapter6’The expression of comparative meaning". Include the expression of equal meaning, the expression of dissimilar meaning, the expression of progressive meaning three parts. The representative forms include "N1+VP+qi/de+N2","N1+bu gen/bu gun/+N2+VP","one+quantifier+VP qi/de+one+quantifier" and so on.Chapter7"Special sentence patterns". A brief introduction of iterative interrogative sentence and compressed sentence."VP-neg" iterative interrogative sentence and be divided into "VP+M+bu" and "VP+M+mei" two parts. The compressed is sentence concise and colloquial. It can use brief words to express rich meaning, and express the speaker’s mood and emotion.Chapter8"The peroration". This chapter is a summary of this paper. The author summarized the grammatical features of the Yellow River basin in north-central of Shandong dialect. The author also made a elaboration of some grammar phenomena that has not yet been to analyzed.