Analyzing The Context Of The Learning Of Chinese Language For Missionaries Who Came To China During The Opium War

The Qing government had implemented severe policy of prohibiting religion nearly one hundred years from "the struggle on etiquette" in KangXi Dynasty. After the Opium War, the activity of the missionary coming to China was even more public and thorough with profounder affects. The original intention of the missionary’s coming to China was to disseminate the Christ religious doctrine, which attempted to changes the Chinese’s religious belief through their missionary work, and achieve the goal of substituting the Chinese culture with the Western’s. However, it had encountered Chinese populace’s resisting, and their missionary work became very hard to start, just because the Christianity’s negativing the Confucianist’s theory, and publicizing "the God gospel" so-called. The missionary realizes that they must study Chinese language capability to disseminate the Christ gospel well and carry on missionary work in Chinese which has such a deep traditional culture country, thus they started to study Chinese in abundance and the Chinese great culture with several millennium time, to develop the method of Chinese study and research the Chinese literature, also to write a book and establish a theory to introduced China’s culture to the West widely, which promoted the Western society to understand the Chinese culture. At the same time, in order to cause the Chinese to Christianity’s more interest, they had also brought the advanced scientific cultural knowledge from the West, which widened the Chinese scholar’s field of vision, and had made the special contribution for the West cultural exchange.It has a positive practical significance to study the Chinese Study Linguistic Environment of the Missionary Who Came to China during the Opium War. Nowadays, there are even more people love Chinese and the Chinese cultural in the world, which need to promote Chinese well and teach Chinese as a foreign language. Therefore, in order to construct and consummate teaching Chinese as a foreign language discipline well, we need carry on the exploring and research gradually from the aspect of "history" and "theory". At present, the teaching Chinese as a foreign language enterprise has already passed through more than50years course, and has also yielded the substantial result in the aspects of discipline construction, fundamental research and so on, but the research in the discipline history was still weaker. Therefore, it is an item studies with extremely value to the development of the subject on the history of teaching Chinese as a foreign language currently, which need to understand correctly the missionary’s history influence of exchanging the culture between China and the West, also to arrange and summary the situation of the missionary’s Chinese study systematically from the historical angle, who came to China during the latter Qing dynasty.On the basic of the educational world’s research results, this article focuses on the research and the analysis of the works with the other correlation data, tries to arrange the changes of the missionary’s Chinese study linguistic environment, who came to China during the Opium War time, and to reappearance the Chinese study process of Elijah Coleman Bridgman who came to China first from American as a missionary, also to analyses his Chinese Works named A Brief Account of the United States of America. This article makes an effort to make the breakthrough at some research spots as far as possible, and expect to be beneficial in enriching and advancing the research of foreign Chinese history.