The Study On "Shi" Construction In Teaching Chinese As A Second Language

Many sentences could express causative in modern Chinese,such as "Shi"construction,"Rang"construction,"Jiao"construction,part of "Ba" construction and so on. As the typical sentences which express causative,"Shi" has low frequency in daily communication to learners who learn Chinese as the second language;at the same time, many learners often mix "Shi" with "Rang","Jiao","Ba" in writing because they could also express causative.The reason for this is that students grasp bad to " Shi"’s semantic features and characteristics. This article based on the analysis of syntactic and semantic of "Shi","Rang","Jiao" and "Ba",at the same time,we summed up their syntactic semantic and differences of using.Lastly,we analysed the errors which appear in the acquisition of "Shi" and gave some suggestions to the teaching of "Shi".In the second chapter,firstly, we explained "Shi" with the related theories of cognitive linguistics. This paper argued that causative is a force applying schema which include two events and four basic elements.The two events are causing event and caused event;the four basic elements are causer,causee.driving force and result/effect.The causer forced causee by driving force,this caused causing event. Caused event make causee to cause result/effect.According to the force schema we also analyzed metaphorical extension. Secondly,on the basis of the logical sequence of language acquisition"meaning then form",we consider that "Shi"is a special verbs which means "causative"in teaching Chinese as a second language.For the second time,we analyzed the composition of four elements and summed up the pragmatic meaning of "Shi"construction which stressed the force of causative.Lastly, we found that the negative form of "Shi" which add "Bu" before "Shi" directly exist in practical using,and the negative form of "Shi" negate causee’s action and state rather than the action of causative.In the third chapter,we classified "Rang"construction and analyzed the semantic composition of three kinds of "Rang". Then we made contrast and analysis to the semantics of "Shi","Rang","Jiao"from intention, automation degree, being the results already or not,causative.At the same time,we argued that "Shi" only express indicative mood when"Rang","Jiao"express interrogative mood, imperative mood and interjectional mood except indicative mood.In addition,we made contrast and analysis to the syntactic structure and semantic of "Shi"and "Ba".In the fourth chapter, we tested the learners who learn Chinese as a second language about the acquisition of "Shi"and other synonymous sentences,at the same time we summed up four kinds of errors during language acquisition with Beijing Language and Culture University HSK dynamic composition corpus data.Then we analyzed the reasons of errors from reference books, textbooks, the target language and mother tongue and gave some suggestions on the learning of "Shi"construction.