A Study On The Syntactic Words Of Antonyms In Teaching Chinese As A Foreign Language

The antonyms-composed words, a kind of paratactic compound words, are constituted of two monosyllabic morphemes which are opposite or contrary in their meanings. Not only has it a long story but also widely used in our daily life. Due to its complexity in vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric and the consciousness of cultural characteristics, the antonyms-composed words have become a special and interesting category which are worth studying.First of all, we will systematically analyze all the antonyms-composed words in Modern Chinese Dictionary and Syllabus of Chinese Vocabularies and Chinese Characters. Combined with the frequency in Dynamic composition of HSK corpus and CCL corpus, we will sort those antonyms-composed words connected to Basic antonyms-composed word and advanced antonyms-composed word and we will use Basic antonyms-composed words as our research subjects.Secondly, we classify this sort of words from the aspect of the type of morphemes, the formation of meanings and the order of morphemes. The type of morphemes involves the meaning of morphemes, the grammar of morphemes and the relationship of the part of speech between those words and their morphemes. According to the rules between words and morphemes, we sort them to literal and extended. The Literal has two types, one is that the meaning of two morphemes equals to the meaning of the word and the other one is Partial righteousness; the Extended is formed through the way of generalization, extension and metonymy. Besides, we will sort those words respectively by tone and meaning and explore the restricting factors.Finally, describe the situation of teaching the antonyms-composed words in Teaching Chinese as Second Language. According to the characteristics of this kind of words, we will analyze some difficulties from the aspect of lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, color meaning and the background of culture in order to put forward some suggestions for teaching.