A Research On Jiaolai Canal During Yuan And Ming Dynasty

This article is a research of jiao lai Canal in Yuan and Ming dynasties. It just had a big change of the water transport system during that time. Economic center in ancient China had completed the shift from North to South as early as the Song, the capital of Yuan dynasty is in northern China, actively expanding landscape, expedition and keep the country under control, both of they required a large amount of material support, so water transport problems highlighted. Cheng zu of the Ming dynasty moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, he had the same dilemma. They had two options at that time, sea or river. For sea, mountains of Shandong peninsula point is a big hindrance; for river, Yellow River diversion from time to time, hit the Grand Canal, blockage of river, also bring big trouble. When river competed with sea, jiao lai Canal had been scale chiseled twice, Ming Jia jing and Yuan Shi zu, but two sinking were both not successful, and finally it was abandoned. On the basis of the Canal digging process, analysis of jiao lai Canal features, nature, and finally trying to get to know his reasons to be abandoned.Article is divided into five parts, the first part is environment of River basin, including location and terrain, water, climate and disaster, the basin is located in broken depression plain of lu dong hills.this area is long strip, from northwest to Southeast. Compared with around hills, this area is low-lying, have many rivers. Effects by monsoon, it was high temperature and rainy in summer, cold and drying in winter. Major disasters are drought, flood and earth quake. The second part is the jiao lai Canal in the Yuan dynasty, including the causes, course and results. Inland transport is not developed before, loose management, inefficient; and rely on Cao River’s tradition in Yuan dynasty, these reasons prompted the jiao lai Canal commenced.When it was finished, it spend so much money and ineffective, so the policy shift, from river to sea.The third part is the jiao lai Canal in the Ming dynasty, including debates on jiao lai Canal and cutting process. Which focuses on jia Jing, long qing and Wan li three historical periods. Sinking or not, and the attitude of the ruler. Part four give a summary of the canal features first, such as controlling rough, limited functionality and so on. Then give an analysis of the nature of the Canal, from Yuan to Ming, Canal nature had experienced transformation from river to sea. Part v explored the reasons, including technologies limited; the development of Shandong was imbalanced in Ming and Qing dynasties; and the nature of Canal indefinite, so as to miss development opportunities.