Cognition Study On The Dynamic Change Of Chinese "NP Shang"

“Shang”is the most basic orientation word in modern Chinese, which also has themost generalization meaning.Of course, this has direct relationship with its highfrequency of use,the use of a wide range which leads to extended meaning, thesignificance of virtual meaning, but the deeper reason is ralated to the perspective ofhuman cognition and cognitive style.Firstly, on the basis of analysis of a large number of real corpus，the authorcomprehensively discusses the basic meaning, virtual meaning and generalizationmeaning of “shang” in the structure of "NP shang ". At the same time, the authorstudies the types and characteristics of "NP " with “shang”.Secondly, the article dynamicly analyses the development of “NP” and changesof the structure of "NP" from "A Dream of Red Mansions" and explains the reasons ofthe changes of "NP shang ".Then, the author studies the grammatical function of "NP", from the linguisticpoint of view. Specifically, the article analyses the the function of orientation word”shang”, the function of "NP shang "while it appears in the beginning of a sentence orother positions and the function of “preposition+NP”,when preposition”zai”isimplicit.Finally, the article sums up the ambiguity of "NP shang" from the cognitiveperspective, and studies the dynamic changes of "NP shang" from the perspective ofmetaphor and metonymy in the idealized cognitive model.