| Objective To comprehensive analysis of exogenous substrate triclosan on pregnancy outcome and further explore the influence of triclosan on food utilization, the level of hormone, blood glucose, antioxidant indexes and the expression of apoptosis protein on the fetal brain tissue in pregnant rats, then preliminary study its related mechanism. The aim of this study was to provide scientific references for rational use of products that contain triclosan (sterilizing, washing, daily using) for general population and pregnant women.Methods32pregnant wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups, Dose selection was based on a screening study in which rats were treated by gavage with0,30,100, and300mg/kg.d on gestational days (GD)6through GD20until the day of necropsy. The food utilization, the level of hormone, blood glucose, antioxidant indexes and the expression of apoptosis protein on the fetal brain tissue were recorded.Results1. Effect of triclosan on pregnancy outcome in pregnant ratsThe constituent ratio of live fetus and dead fetus in300mg/kg.d dose groups were lower than control group, the constituent ratio of absorbed fetus was higher than control group, but they all had no statistic difference (.P>0.05). The development of fetal rats were good and have no deformity, there was no significant different between male and female ratio (P>0.05). But the area of fonticulus were decreased remarkably in300mg/kg.d dose group compared with that of control group and100mg/kg.d dose group(P<0.05).2. The possible mechanisms of triclosan on pregnancy outcome2.1Effect of triclosan on maternal correlation index2.1.1From the effect of triclosan on food intake, body weight, food utilization in different pregnancy:During the experiment, food intake, body weight and food utilization rate were increasing. The food intake and food utilization in300mg/kg.d dose group were significantly lower than in control group in the second trimester of pregnancy (P<0.05), but body weight have no difference in each group(p>0.05). ANOVA for repeated measurement demonstrated that body weight, food intake and food utilization rate were different at different periods of pregnancy among four groups (P<0.05), meanwhile, time factor and processing factor of body weight were interacted (P<0.01).2.1.2From the effect of triclosan on organ coefficients in pregnant rats:The thymus coefficient of300mg/kg.d dose group decreased in comparison with that of control group (P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with triclosan dose (r=-0.40,P=0.019). Other organ coefficients had no statistically significant (P>0.05) in every group.2.1.3From the effect of triclosan on liver and kidney functions and blood lipid in pregnant rats:The total protein concentration (TP) of300mg/kg.d dose group statistically decreased in comparison with that of control group (P<0.05). Other biochemical parameters had no statistically significant (P>0.05) in every group.2.1.4From the effect of triclosan on blood glucose in different pregnancy:The level of fasting plasma glucose in pregnant rats was rising in GD12, and dropping in GD19. Blood glucose in high dose group were different within groups (P<0.05). ANOVA for repeated measurement demonstrated blood glucose levels were different at different periods of pregnancy among groups (P<0.05), meanwhile, time factor and processing factor of body weight were not interacted.2.1.5From the effect of triclosan on serum antioxidant indexes and thyroid hormones levels in pregnant rats:Levels of serum methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) in100mg/kg.d and300mg/kg.d dose groups was significantly higher than control group (P<0.01), and was reducing with the increase of the dose of triclosan(r=-0.659,P=0.003). Levels of TT3、 TSH in300mg/kg.d dose groups was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), and TT3was reducing with the increase of the dose of triclosan(r=-0.708,.P=0.015).2.2Effect of triclosan on placenta correlation index2.2.1From the effect of triclosan on placenta weight in pregnant rats:Placenta weight in100mg/kg.d and300mg/kg.d dose groups was lower than control group (P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with triclosan dose (r=-0.369,p=0.019).2.2.2From the effect of triclosan on antioxidant indexes and TNF-a in pregnant rats:The antioxidant indexes and TNF-a had no statistically significant (p>0.05) in every group.2.2.3From the effect of triclosan on the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3protein on placenta in pregnant rats:The expression of apoptosis protein on placenta cytotrophoblastic cells, decidual tissue and etrial glands all had no statistic difference in every group (,P>0.05).Cytoplasmic staining was shallow.2.3Effect of triclosan on embryo correlation index2.3.1From the effect of triclosan on the moisture and antioxidant indexes of brain tissue in pregnant rats:The moisture of brain tissue had no statistically significant (P>0.05) in every group. The activity of total SOD,Cu-Zn SOD and GSH-px in300mg/kg.d dose groups were lower than control group(P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with triclosan dose (r=-0.538,P=0.003; r=-0.513, P=0.005;r=-0.432, P=0.012). but the level of MDA had no correlated with triclosan dose(r=-0.056,P=0.764).2.3.2From the effect of triclosan on the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3protein on fetal brain tissue in pregnant rats:The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3protein were all in cytolymph. The expression of Bax protein on Cerebellar Granule Cells in100mg/kg.d dose group was higher than300mg/kg.d dose group and control group. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2protein on neurogliocyt of fetal brain tissue were higher than control group (P<0.05). The expression of Caspase-3protein had no statistic difference in every group (P>0.05). The expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3on neurogliocyt of fetal brain tissue were positive correlated to doses of triclosan(r=-0.628, P=0.029; r=-0.825, P=0.001; r=-0.660, P=0.020).Conclusions Considering various indicators, we found that exposing to or using a large number of triclosan products may impair maternal and embryo heath during pregnancy. With the increasing of triclosan, the damages were more serious. Mainly damage the food utilization, thymus coefficient, blood glucose, thyroid hormones levels, antioxidant indexes of brain tissue and apoptosis protein expression in fetal brain. The purpose of this task was to suggest people avoiding to use large number of triclosan, especially pregnancy women. So we suggest pregnancy women should use triclosan (sterilizing, washing, daily using) products carefully in organ formation and the perinatal period. |
PDF Full Text Request