The Expression Of RUNX3in Oral Premalignant Lesions And Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Background and Objective: Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) is one of themost common oral malignancy, which is a high incidence and diversification of thedegree of differentiation, serious harm to human health.The main treatment of OSCCis surgical resection, but easily lead to a poor prognosis and low survival rate, so withthe development of biology and the reveal of tumor pathogenic factors, tumor genediagnosis and gene therapy is becoming a focus for researchers. The development ofOSCC is a multiple genes involved, multi-stage, multi-step complex process, inwhich the inactivation or deletion of the tumor suppressor gene is a commonbiological factor which results it development.RUNX3gene is a new tumor suppressor gene which is discovered by Levanonet in1994, located on human chromosome No.1short arm lp36.1, of mainlyinvolved in the growth of gastric epithelial,dorsal root ganglion nerve regeneration,T-cell differentiation, and expression and regulation of cell gene in the embryonicdevelopment.Numerous studies found that RUNX3tumor suppressor mechanism isclosely related to TGF-β, TGF-β is an important inhibitor of the growth of many cells.RUNX3is a transcription factor in the TGF-β signaling transduction pathwaysdownstream, involved in the work of regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosisandmalignant transformation. Inactivation or deletion of RUNX3gene can cause thedisorders of the TGF-β signaling transduction pathway, leading to inactivation ofTGF-β signaling, thereby inhibiting normal cell apoptosis, leading to the occurrenceof a variety of tumors. This prompted that RUNX3expression imbalance can beimportant biomarker in the early diagnosis of tumors, malignant degree andPrognosis.Methods: In this study, using immunohistochemical SP method, we detectRUNX3protein expression and distribution characteristics in10cases normal oralmucosa,18patients with precancerous lesions and34patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, then analysis relationship between RUNX3expression and thepathological features of various oral squamous cell carcinoma. Experimental datawith SPSS software for statistical analysis.Comparison of immunohistochemicalpositive rate and relationship between it with clinicopathological will use x2test,andthe mean optical density analysis use t test.Results: All10cases with normal mucosa were positive expression(100%)without downregulation or disappear;in18cases with precancerous lesions,17cases were positive (94.4%), including three cases of protein localization abnormal;in34cases with squamous cell carcinoma,19cases showed positive expression (55.9%),including12cases of abnormal protein localization. After statistical analysis found,inthe normal group, precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma group, RUNX3positive expression rate decreased gradually;comparion between normal mucosa/precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma had a significant difference (P<0.05).Comparison between the various clinical and pathological features insquamous cell carcinoma found that there was no significant correlation betweenRUNX3expression with gender, age, and lymph node metastasis,but with the degreeof differentiation. Comparion between high/moderately differentiated squamous cellcarcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma had a significantdifference(P <0.05). In normal oral tissue, precancerous lesions and squamous cellcarcinoma, frequency of the RUNX3protein cytoplasmic abnormal positioning was0,17.6%,63.2%, showed a gradual upward trend, which explain that the RUNX3protein playing roles in the cytoplasm also is an important factor in the process ofevolution of the tumor.Conclusion:1RUNX3expression in normal oral mucosa, precancerous lesions and oralsquamous cell carcinoma showed a gradual downward trend, indicating that RUNX3is an important contributing factor in the development of OSCC.2RUNX3protein in normal mucosa, precancerous lesions and squamous cellcarcinoma abnormal localization frequency gradually increased, indicating that RUNX3can be used as an important basis of the early diagnosis of OSCC.3RUNX3gene expression and gender, age, and lymph node metastasis was nosignificant correlation but with the degree of differentiation closely related,showingthat RUNX3may be important biological indicators as to determine tumor malignantdegree and prognosis monitoring.