Social Cognition In Patients With Wilson Disease

Objective Social cognition refers to the processes that can promote behavioralresponses between the same kinds of individual information, and to those highercognitive processes subserving the extremely diverse and flexible social behaviors.We found that social cognition and social functioning impairments following damageto the Wilson disease (WD), but the role of the basal ganglia in social cognition wasnot clear. In this study, we research the social cognition of WD in patients who onlydamage in the basal ganglia by brain MRI. To investigate whether existingpsychological of WD in patients, and to know whether in processing social cognitionof the basal ganglia.Methods From the perspective of cognitive psychology, social cognition isdivided into the perception of social information and social problems of judgment.This study investigate the perception of social information task by theory ofmind(ToM) tasks, which include basic emotion recognition task of the eye area andfaux pas recognition task, and measure it. The judgment of the social problems and tosolve the tasks, which include the risk decision-making tests and Iowa Gambling Task(IGT), and measure it.32cases of WD patients (WD group) and29healthy controlpeople with their demographic data(HC group)test.1Social perception task1.1Eye of basic emotions (happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, anger) toidentify tasks.To test WD group and the HC group to identify the photos of the120eye of thebasic emotions. Each computer-generated random show a photo and two of the sixbasic emotions, emotional words, were asked to choose a correct, note1. The highestcorrect score for each emotion for20points, compared with the WD group and HCgroup, the score of each emotion. 1.2Slip of the tongue to identify tasksWD group and HC group, to identify whether there is a slip of the tongue10alittle story (without the knowledge of the speaker, misunderstanding the listenerawkward, uncomfortable or outdated). And test your ability to understand thecharacters state of mind (1~4for the slip of the tongue-related issues, where theproblem is a slip of the tongue to identify problems2-4judgment for the state ofmind), and each correct answer1point, four slip of the tongue related problems scoreThe sum of the total score, a total of40points. In addition, each story also designed acontrol question (Question5).2Judgment and solve tasks of social problems2.1risk decision-making taskThe safety test WD group and the HC group after the "reward" and "punish" thetwo events (20) and risk (40/-4080/-80) to choose their relative frequency.Before the experiment, inform the test target is to earn the highest score, andcorresponding monetary awards after the end of the experiment to compare the WDgroup than the HC group whether there is a risk decision dysfunction;2.2IGT testWD group and HC group, ability to choose between high reward and low rewardwith low punishment associated with high penalties. Before the start of theexperiment, to inform the trial in2000dollars (the computer display base) on thebasis of as much as possible to win more money in five phases (Trial1to5)calculation favorable to select the number of sheets to less adverse selection numberobserve the overall trend, whether social learning effect and whether the decisiondysfunction.Results Compared with the HC group in the eye area, the emotion recognitiontask, the WD group distinguish basic emotions: anger (17.53±1.39), P=0.039; fear(15.88±1.21) points, P=0.042; disgust (18.00±1.85) points, P=0.003significantdifference, especially for tired eye area emotion to identify a very significantdifference. Hi (19.91±0.30) points, P=.288;, sad (18.84±1.32) points P=.486; shock (18.94±0.95) points P=0.256no significant difference.Slip of the tongue to identify a slip of the tongue in the recognition task, the WDgroup (9.28±1.11, P=0.002) and mental state to determine the score (22.47±4.17, P=0.004) were significantly different.Risk decision-making task, patients with the WD group punishment after the riskto select the frequency clear downward trend (the F=3.960, P=0.051), similar to theHC group, but also the performance of the punishment after the risk to select thesuppression effect; but the WD group of patients the risk to reward select thefrequency was significantly higher than the HC group (F=5.859, P=0.019), and therisk of the total frequency was significantly higher than the HC group (F=7.602, P=0.007).IGT tests, increase in number with the card, select the HC group a favorablechoice for the number of adverse selection of the difference between the number ofsheets from negative to positive and gradually increases gradually tend to their ownselection mode; WD group in IGT, no such selection mode, in Trial4and Trial5favorable choice was significantly lower than the HC group (P=0.009and P=0.020).Conclusions WD patients with a wide range of social cognitive impairmentrelated to social perception and social issues judgment, so the basal ganglia may beinvolved in social cognitive processes, but needs further study the impact of coppermetabolism in patients with cortical.