| BackgroundChina is a large agricultural country. At the same time it is the most populous country in the world. The development level of economy and society in China still has a big gap compared with the developed countries. Especially the countryside is still relatively backward. Chinese rural population accounts for a high proportion of world population. Along with thirty years of reform and development, urban water infrastructure construction developed quickly. However due to natural and economic, social and other conditions, and long-term urban and rural two kinds of element structure policies, rural water supply facilities are very weak. And with the gradual transfer of rural industrialization and the development of rural urbanization, rural water supply is facing more and more serious pollution status.We are deficient in fresh water resources. The per capita water resource is only1/3of the world, and the distribution is not uniform. And waste water discharge, pesticide fertilizer application, life long random discharge of sewage, garbage piled up at random, and rural area lack of drainage and treatment measures, aggravate water pollution. Rural water substantive problem of water shortage is more serious. Rural drinking water safety is related to people’s health and the harmonious and stable development of the people’s livelihood proposed by the government. Therefore, the government pays more and more attention to the problem of rural drinking water safety.ObjectivesThrough the analysis of Weifang rural drinking water hygiene status, we grasp the rural drinking water quality and its dynamic change, and improve the rural drinking water quality and health level of management, for the government to formulate the implementation of rural drinking water improvement plan to provide important basis. Drinking water monitoring is the important means of safety to ensure the hygiene of drinking water in rural areas. We could master the situation and change of rural drinking water by monitoring in time, and provide basic data. For the timely detection of problems of rural drinking water and health, to provide technical support for prevention of rural drinking water emergency and contingency measures.MethodsBy monitoring the urban counties of rural drinking water in Weifang City, we collected the detail information of water points. In the wet season and dry season, we tested a random sample of water by collecting output water and peripheral water. There were three kinds of targets respectively:sensory traits and general chemical index, toxicological indicators, microbial indicators. Our acquisition, detection of various water samples was based on the "sanitary standard for drinking water" and "drinking water standard test method". It needs to review and to test the unreasonable results, then unified database, using SPSS13.0software to carry on statistical analysis.ResultsDaily water supply were scattered in rural areas of Weifang.84.7%of the463water populations were concentrated in the following5000people. The investigation of the rural drinking water in Weifang city water reached97.2%. There was66.5%deep well water, and28.1%shallow well.93.1%of rural water without disinfection treatment was directly drinkable.74.7%of463water points were to solve the problem of water shortage,20.3%were the solution of brackish and high fluorine water problem. The detection of2021samples of the entire indicators (relaxation of restrictions) qualified rate was42.0%. The dry season water passing rate was52.9%, and the wet period water passing rate was31%. Water leaving the plant qualified rate was47.7%and the peripheral water pass rate was37.7%.Disinfection of water passing rate was80.6%, non disinfection of water passing rate was39.9%. A total of three years after the disinfection processing in dry season passing rate was83.7%. While non disinfection of water passing rate was51.3%. The factory of water disinfection qualified rate was91.7%, while non disinfection qualified rate was45.6%. Peripheral water samples disinfected was74.2%, while non disinfection treatment sample pass rate was35.1%.According to different types of source statistics, reservoir water passing rate was77.3%, followed by deep well water and shallow wells, while qualified rate of spring was26.0%.According to the classification index statistics, sensory traits and general chemical index of qualified rate was90.7%. Toxicological indicators qualified rate was73.2%. Bacteriological indicators qualified rate was56.3%. Main indicators of exceed the standard were the Total number of bacterial colony, total coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria, fluoride, nitrate, chloride, total hardness. Toxicological indices and bacteriological indices in disinfected water superior numbers accounted for most of proportion, reaching98.4%.Arsenic qualified rate was100.0%. There were112fluoride exceeded the standard in three years mainly in Gaomi and Shouguang areas. The proportion was92.8%. Exceed the standard of water was the main groundwater in deep water and shallow well. The fluoride maximum value was3.14mg/L. Nitrate (in n gauge) exceed the standard rate was23%. The total number of colonies indicators qualified rate was70%. Total coliform indicators qualified rate was72.4%. Thermotolerant coliform indicators qualified rate was86.4%. The total hardness qualified rate was94.5%. Chloride together exceed the standard38, the total pass rate was98.1%. Rural residents of population in Weifang city accounted for71%of water supply safely. There was still29%of the population drinking unsafe water.Conclusions and policy recommendationsConclusions1) Country Urban Rural daily water supply were scattered in Weifang.2) Dry season water was better than the abundant water period. Mainly due to bacteriological indicators qualified rate was significantly higher than that in dry season water period. Disinfection measures of water quality were better than non sterile water quality. Disinfection affected the qualified rate of the bacteriological indexes.3) In three major categories of indicators sensory traits and general chemical index of qualified rate was the highest. And then was the toxicology indicator. The lowest was the bacteriological index. In the wet season and dry season during two periods as well as in the water and the peripheral water between two kinds of water, sensory traits and general chemical index of qualified rate and the toxicology indicator were relatively stable. But dry season water bacteriological index qualified rate was higher than the wet period water passing rate. The qualified rate of the output water was higher than the peripheral water passing rate.4) Reservoir water qualification rate was high because of the large scale reservoir water, and of the disinfection equipment and regular maintenance management team. Effective measures to make the reservoir water disinfection qualified rate was relatively stable. The qualified rate of spring water was low because the microbial indicators qualified rate was too low.5) Toxicological index and bacteriological index accounted for most of proportion before disinfection in water samples. That was to say, the unqualified water samples were in large part because of toxicology and the bacteriological indexes exceed the standard.6) Due to the lack of drinking water project for repair and maintenance to ensure the normal operation of the project for drinking water, some drinking water was not collected wet season and dry season in water samples.7) Three years of water total statistics display, both dry and wet period, the output water passing rate was higher than the peripheral water passing rate.8) There were still drinking high-fluorine water and brackish water phenomenon in Weifang rural areas.Recommendations:1) We should be strict in selecting drinking water source. Health departments should participate in the demonstration and the engineering design. We should strengthen the protection of water source also.2) The rural drinking water project construction should increase financial in put. We should increase water treatment process design, and improvement the disinfection technology to solve the microbial indicators exceeds the standard problem.3) We should increase propagandist strength, and strengthen the rural resident’s health consciousness to prevent and control diseases and improve their ability.4) We establish and improve the rural drinking water quality monitoring network in Weifang City in order to grasp the health of rural drinking water quality dynamics.5) To ensure drinking water project smoothly, the establishment of engineering maintenance repair system is very necessary. |
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