The Effects Of Applying Balanced Diet Pagoda In Elderly Patients With Hypertension

Objective:To discuss the effects of a balanced dietary intervention on blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index and the serum lipid of the elderly patients with hypertension.Methods:Applying "the Chinese elderly balanced diet pagoda" to conduct a dietary intervention to the elderly patients with hypertension. We used the convenience sampling method to choose39cases from the elderly hypertensive patients who are in accordance with the inclusive criteria. Firstly, we used a questionnaire to understand their baseline conditions, and then conducted a dietary intervention according to their baseline conditions. The content of the questionnaire included general information, disease information, dietary survey, the human body measurement index and the blood biochemical index. Under the premise of not changing the original drug therapy and their habits of movement and sleeping, we applying "the Chinese elderly balanced pagoda", conducted dietary interventions to these patients, through the way of collective education, individual intervention, self management and outpatient follow-up or telephone follow-up. After the three months dietary intervention, we evaluated the changes of patients’blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, and serum lipids. The SPSS17.0software was used to input and analysis data. The measurement data was described as mean plus-minus standard deviation, and the enumeration data was described as constituent radio. Matched t-test was used to compare the measurement data before and after the intervention, and chi-square test was used to compare the enumeration data.Results:(1) From the survey we found that, there were respectively74.4%,69.2%,51.2%of the patients having insufficiency of intake on dairy and milk products, vegetables and fruits, while there were59%,51.2%,53.8%of the patients having excessive intake on cooking oil, salt and livestock meat; From the survey of their diet hobby we found that,59%of them loved eating salty and salted food,30.5%of them loved eating fried and greasy foods, and20.5%of them loved eating high cholesterol food;(2) After the diet intervention, patients consumed more vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, and they consumed less cooking oil, salt and livestock meat. The proportion of patients who had insufficiency of intake on dairy and milk products, vegetables and fruits respectively fell to38.4%,28.2%,25.6%; and the proportion of patients who had excessive intake on cooking oil, salt and livestock meat fell to23.1%,20.5%,20.5%. There is a statistically significant difference between before and after intervention (P<0.01).(3) Patients’blood pressure fell down after the balanced dietary intervention:①After the three months intervention, elderly patients with high blood pressure had an average drop of10.31mmHg on systolic blood pressure and3.36mmHg drop on diastolic blood pressure. There is a statistically significant difference between before and after intervention (P<0.01);②Combined the balanced dietary intervention with the drug therapy, the effect on lowing the blood pressure was more apparent:to the patients who originally took the antihypertensive drugs, elderly patients with high blood pressure could have an average drop of11.85mmHg on systolic blood pressure and3.44mmHg drop on diastolic blood pressure; to the patients who originally did not take the antihypertensive drugs, they had an average drop of7mmHg on systolic blood pressure and3.17mmHg drop on diastolic blood pressure. There is a statistically significant difference between before and after intervention (P<0.01).(4)There was a decrease in patients’waist circumference and body mass index, which showed a statistically difference between before and after intervention (P<0.05).(5) After the intervention, patients’total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) fell down, which showed a statistically significant difference between before and after intervention (P<0.01); though the lever of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) slightly elevated, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).Conclusions:(1) Applying "the Chinese elderly balanced diet pagoda" to conduct balanced dietary interventions to the elderly hypertensive patients, can effectively lower their systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure; combined the balanced dietary intervention with the drug therapy, the effect on lowing the blood pressure was more apparent.(2) Applying "the Chinese elderly balanced diet pagoda" to conduct balanced dietary interventions to the elderly hypertensive patients, can improve their waist circumference, their body mass index and the level of their blood-lipid.(3) To prevent and control the hypertension, we should conduct effective dietary intervention to the elderly patients with hypertension., especially reduce their intake of cooking oil and salt, increase their intake of fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy.