Expression And Clinical Significance Of Chemerin In Preeclampsia Placenta Tissues

Preeclampsia is a specific disease during pregnancy which seriously affects maternaland child health.It is one kind of hypertensive disorders complicating disase. It ischaracterized by hypertension, proteinuria,and sometimes accompanied multiple organdamage or the loss of functions, when the disease becomes worse,it can lead to spasm,coma,and even death. The theories about the causes and pathogenesis of preeclampsia are not fullyclarified, it is still one of the important research subjects of present obstetrics.The basicpathological change of Hypertensive disorders complicating patinregnancy (HDCP)is thespasm of arteries,especially the little ones,which can increase peripheral vascular resistance,injury vascular endothelial cell and raise the vascular permeability,then the leakage of bodyfluid and protein,the results of these changes are hypertension,edema, proteinuria andhemoconcentration.The placenta is the main palce for exchange of gas and nutrition betweenmother and fetus,some foreign and demotic scholars reckons the undesirable formation andoxidative stress of placenta as the main cause of preeclampsia.The spasm of placentavascular and the injury of vascular endothelial cell can release a lot of inflammatory factorswhich can break the balance between NO and prostaglandin,then lead to series of clinicalmanifestations of preeclampsia.As studies have shown,insulin resistence attends the processof preeclampsia, the high dose of insulin can affect the production of NO,PGE2,destroy themetabolism of lipids，the final result is that increasing the peripheral vascular resistance andleading to hypertension.Chemerin was firstly discovered by Nagpal etc when they made the research ofpsoriasis,then it was proved to be one kind of chemoattractant protein by many differentways.In2007,it was officially recognized as a new adipocytokine. This gene is located on7chromosome.White adipose,liver,lung,ovary,placenta,skin,kidney and so on are expressed.The combination of Chemerin and its receptor play an important role in obesity,diabetes andcardiovascular diseases by activating or inhibiting the ways of signal transduction.HDCP isthe result of injuries of vascular endothelial cells caused by inflammatory reactions.Newresearches has discovered that Chemerin has the functions of both inducing inflammationand preventing inflammation.Wittamer ect detected high concentration of active chemerin inthe body fluid of patients suffered from ovarian cancer and rheumatoid arthritis,chemerin receptor is highly expressed on the antigen-presenting cells including macrophages andna ve dendritic cells,also on the natural killer cells and lymphocytes,these prompt it canattract antigen-presenting cells and natural killer cells to the site where inflammationhappens.However,Cash ect discovered the active peptides of Chemerin had the characters ofpreventing body from inflammation which completely relied on the homologous peptidesproducted by proteases which might refer to cysteine protease.The latter can decrease theproducts of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1,6which aremade by macrophages and increase the products of transforming growth factor andinterleukin-10which can stop and slow the occurrence of inflammation.From all theabove,we can speculate that Chemerin attend the happening and dissipating ofinflammation,in the early time Chemerin palys the role of accelerating inflammation and inthe later period it resisits inflammation.What is more,Chemerin also has a high expression inkidney which plays an important role in the regulation of body pressure.It can participatehypertension and lekage of proteinuria.Chemerin-ChemerinR system can induce the releaseof calcium in cells then cause vasoconstriction,finally hypertension.Some domestic scholarshave found there is a positive correlation between the expression of Chemerin and bloodpressure.Some studies have found the expression of Chemerin in the insulin resistance groupis significantly more than the insulin sensitive group,the content of it has a positivecorrelation with body mass index when they made the researches about diabetepatients.Animal modes also have confirmed that the content of Chemerin in2type diabetesis much more than the normal ones.There may exist two ways which Chemerin play its rolein IR:fistly,the over expression of Chemerin lead to the accumulation of fatty cells,too muchfat exceeds the carrying capability of human body then it is transferred to non-adipose tissuesuch as liver,skeletal muscle,pancreas and so on,as a result,it forms ectopic deposition,finally the appearance of IR.Secondly,Chemerin-ChemerinR system can active inflammatorycells to release inflammatory factors such as TNF-α,IL-6and so on which can accelerate theresolution of fatty cells and cause quite a little free fatty acid overflowed from fatty cellsthen lead to IR.There is a close connection between IR and HDCP which implies Chemerinmay play an important role in HDCP. Nowadays there haven’t the research with Chemerinand Hypertensive disorders complicating HDCP at home and abroad. This study will discussthe function and clinical significance Chemerin in preeclampsia pathogenesis throughdetecting the expression condition of Chemerin in placentas of normal pregnant women andpreeclampsia patients. The experiment collects randomly40preeclampsia patients(15mild patients and25severe patients) and normal pregnant women(20cases) from the Second Hospital of JiLinUniversity,and adopts immunohistochemistry to detect the expression condition of Chemerinin placenta tissue. The experimental data applies statistical software SPSS15.0for statisticalanalysis,comparison among the groups adopts One-way ANOVA and correlation analysisadopts Pearson correlation test. The experimental results is that:Chemerin has expression inthe cell membrane and cytoplasm of syncytiotrophoblast of placenta tissue,it has brownpositive staining particles in placenta tissue, the nuclei are blue. The average grey level ofChemerin protein in normal pregnant group are182.32±3.59,the average grey level in mildpreeclampsia and severe preeclampsia are153.75±1.24，113.01±9.85. The bigger the greylevel is,the positive rate is smaller.The expression of Chemerin in placenta tissue ofpreeclampsia is significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women;in preeclampsiagroups,the expression strength is：severe preeclampsia＞mild preeclampsia, the difference isstatistically significant (P <0.05).The expression of Chemerin has a positive correlation withthe severity of disease.Above all,the following conclusion can be obtained:Chemerin expresses in the placentatissue of both normal pregnant women and preeclampsia patients, it has a higher expressionin preeclampsia than normal ones.Chemerin may have a connection with HDCP throughparticipating the inflammatory reaction,regulating the blood pressure,affecting the process ofinsulin resistence.It expressed more highly in severe preeclampsia than mildpreeclampsia,indicating it may have a positive relation with the severity of disease. In-depthunderstanding of expression and significance of Chemerin in the placenta tissues hasimportant value for elaborating the occurrence and development of HDCP,detcecting it bymany related methods,may provide a new way of thinking for diagnosis and treatment ofHDCP and medicinal value at the same time.