Research On The Effect And Mechanism Of3Kinds Of Ions In Breeding Pigs

Ions in animals are necessary for constituting components of tissues and enzymatic activating agent, maintaining osmotic pressure of body fluids and acid-base balance. The effects of ions are more extensive in breeding pigs, not only on themselves’growth performance, but also on the piglets. Therefore, it is essential to study the effects of ions on reproductive performance in breeding pigs, providing the experimental basis for enhancing reproductive rate in sows and growth performance in piglets.The effects of negative ions in diets on the reproductive performance and serum biochemical parameters in sows were conducted.100hybrid sows (Landracex Yorkshire) were randomly divided into5groups of20sows each, matched by healthy, weight and age. The group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ sows were fed with D1, D2, D3, D4and D5diets, respectively.0.20%NaCl and0.40%NaHCO3were added to D1,0.40%NaCl and0.00%NaHCO3to D2,0.40%NaCl and0.40%NaHCO3to D3,0.40%NaCl and0.80%NaHCCO3to D4,0.80%NaCl and0.40%NaHCO3to D5. The trial period persisted from ablactation last time to next oestrus in sows. During the feeding experiment, litter size, the birth weight, survival rate and weaning weight of the piglets, postnatal empathema interval times and returning empathema rate of sows were surveied. The concents of Cl, Na HCO3, FSH, LH and P4, and the activities of AST、ALT in sera of sows were measured on the d5of the feeding experiment peirod, the first month of gestation period and the d7after parturition.The regulating and controlling roles of chloride and zinc ions to swine sperm calcium channel and some enzyme activities were conducted. A clinical healthy boar was selected, and the collected semen was filtrated by gauze and divided into three groups, six repeats of each group. Semen of Group Ⅰ was added no substance as control, semen of Group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added NaCl and ZnSO4solution, respectively. Each material was mixed and placed for2.5h, sperms were graded into3grades(A, B and C), the contents of Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, Ca2+, cAMP and the activities of AKP, CA, AC, TYK in sperms and seminal plasma were determined.The results were as follows:1. Compared to the reproductive ability of sows in each group:weaning-to-estrus interval and rate of returning estrus in the sows of group Ⅲ were declined. The number of piglets increased with a lower birth weight and a lower survival rate. The sows in group IV, weaning-to-estrus interval was shorter, with the lowest rate of returning estrus and delivery rates, while the birth weight and the survival rate were the highest.2. Compared to the biochemical parameters in sera of nulli-gestation sows in each group:the contents of serum Na+and HCO3-in sows of group Ⅱ were the lowest. Compared with group Ⅳ, the activity of ALT in sows of group Ⅲ was significantly increased. Compared with group Ⅲ, the activity of AST, the contents of serum chloride and FSH in sows of group IVwere significantly increased.3. Compared to the biochemical parameters in sera of gestating sows in each group: the contents of serum sodium in group Ⅱ were maximum with a higher content of P4. Compared with group Ⅰ, the content of serum bicarbonate in group Ⅲ was significantly decreased, while the activity of AST was the lowest, the activity of ALT and the content of P4were the highest. The content of serum sodium and the activities of AST and ALT in group IV were the highest.4. Compared to the biochemical parameters in sera of lactating sows in each group: the content of serum sodium and the activity of AST in group Ⅱ were the lowest, while the activity of ALT was the highest. The activities of ALT and FSH in group Ⅲ were extremely significant higher than those of other groups. The contents of serum chloridion and FSH in group IV were minimum, the content of bicarbonate and the activity of AST were extremely significant higher than those of group Ⅱ.5. Compared with group Ⅰ, the percentage of grade A sperm in groups Ⅱ and III were significantly increased, while the percentage of grade B sperm were significantly decreased. The percentage of grade C sperm in group Ⅲ was significantly reduced. Compared with the group Ⅱ and groupⅢ, the difference was not significant.6. Compared with group Ⅰ, the contents of Na+, Cl-and Ca2+in sperm of group Ⅱ were significantly increased, whereas the activity of AKP was significantly decreased. The content of HCO3-in group Ⅲ was significantly declined, and the activities of AKP, CA, TYK, AC and the content of cAMP were extremely significantly increased.7. Compared with group Ⅰ, the contents of Na+, Cl-, cAMP and the activities of AKP, AC in thin sperm of group Ⅱ were significantly increased. The contents of sodium, chloride ion and the activities of AKP, AC and CA in group Ⅲ were significantly increased, while that of TYK was significantly reduced.In conclusion, The experimental results suggested that the formula of anions (0.40%NaCl,0.40%NaHCO3) in the D3diet of sows was optimal, secondly the formula of anions (0.40%NaCl,0.80%NaHCO3) in D4diet. The formulas of anions in D1and D5diets were unsuitable. In the experiment on the boar, addition to the appropriate amount of chloride or zinc ions in the porcine semen could stimulate the calcium ion transfer, increase the activities of AKP、AC and CA and the content of cAMP in sperm, enhance sperm motility.