Evolution Of Main Agronomic Traits For Wheat Improved Varieties In Henan Province In The Past Twenty Years

Henan province is the main wheat area of China. The 20% wheat area of our country is in Henan province and the 1/4 total wheat yield and 25%~30% merchandise wheat of our country are provided by Henan province every year. Wheat production of Henan province influences the society and economy development and the people's livelihood; it also has important influence on national grain production and national grain security. The investigation conducted in wheat cultivar evolvement of Henan province in the past nearly 20 years is significant for wheat breeding in the future.This article showed the results of wheat cultivars evolvement feature of Henan province by analyzing the data of 1235 wheat cultivars which distributed in 1126 experiment sites in Henan province in the past nearly 20 years, The main results are as follows:1.The main agronomic traits evolvement feature of winter wheat cultivars in Henan province: The tasseling stage got 0.4996d earlier annual in company with the cultivar authorized years and reached extremely significant level; The mature date got earlier 0.1715d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached significant level; The whole growth period days got 0.7562d shorter annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The grain-filling stage got longer with an average increase 0.303d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The height of wheat get lower with an reduction 0.2181cm annual on an average in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The number of effective spikes decreased with an average reduce 0.0516 million spikes /666.7m2 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years did not reach significant level; The kernels increased with an average annual increase 0.2942 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The 1000- grains weight increased with an average increase 0.3576g annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The production increased an average increase 7.6562kg annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; Studies were carried on the correlation between production and other main traits and the results are as follows: The production and the 1000- grains weight or the number every spike or mature date are all highly significant positive correlation, but the production and the heading date or mature date or whole growth period are all highly significant negative correlation, these results showed that we can make heading stage get earlier to prolong grain-filling stage, increasing the number every spike and improving the 1000- grains weight to improve production2. The main agronomic traits evolvement feature of the spring wheat cultivars in Henan province: Heading stage get earlier with an average advance 0.415d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; Mature date got earlier with an average advance 0.1547d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The whole growth period days get less with an average reduction 0.3899d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant; The grain-filling stage get longer with an average increase 0.281d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached significant level; The height of wheat get lower with an average reduction 0.2382cm annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The number of effective spikes increased with an average increase 0.0703 million spikes /666.7m2 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The kernels increased with an average increase 0.1615 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The1000- grains weight increased with an average increase 0.2898g annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The yield increased with an average increase 7.1931kg annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and, reached extremely significant level. studies carried on the correlation between production and other main traits and the results are as follows: The production with the 1000- grains weight or the effective spikes or the heading stage - mature date are all highly significant positive correlation, but production with heading stage are highly significant negative correlation, these results showed that making heading stage get earlier to prolong grain-filling stage , improving 1000- grains weight and increasing the number of effective spikes are effective on improving production.3. The main agronomic traits evolvement feature of the southern group in Henan province: The heading stage got earlier with an average advance 0.5985d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; Mature date got earlier with an average advance 0.4558d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and reached extremely significant level; The whole growth period days got less with an average reduce 0.6277d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The grain-filling stage got longer with an average increase 0.1477d annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The height of wheat get lower with an average reduce 0.2721cm annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The number of effective spikes decreased with an average reduction 0.0115 million spikes /666.7m2 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The kernels increased with an average annual increase 0.1587 annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The 1000- grains weight increased with an average increase 0.3881g annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The yield increased with an average increase 2.6659kg annual in company with the cultivar breeding years and did not reach significant level; The analysis on the correlation between the production and the other main traits were conducted and the results are as follows: the production and the 1000- grains weight are highly significant positive correlation, which is highly significant negative correlation with mature date. These results showed that we can mainly improve 1000- grains weight to improve production.The evolutionary trends of the three groups are almost the same according to the experiment data in the past nearly 20 years. Heading stage brought forward in company with the cultivar breeding years. the southern group has the largest change extent and the change extent of the spring group is moderate, the winter group has the smallest change; Mature date brought forward in company with the cultivar breeding years, the southern group has the largest change extent, the change of the winter wheat cultivars and spring wheat cultivars are almost the same; The whole growth period got shorter in company with the cultivar breeding years. The winter wheat cultivars had the largest change extent, the change extent of the southern group is moderate, the spring wheat cultivars had the smallest change. The heading stage-mature date got longer in company with the cultivar breeding years, the winter wheat cultivars has the largest change extent, the change extent of the spring wheat cultivars is moderate, the southern wheat cultivars has the smallest change extent; The height of wheat get lower in company with the cultivar breeding years, the southern group has the largest change extent, the change extent of the spring wheat cultivars is moderate, the winter wheat cultivars has the smallest change extent; The number of effective spikes did not change significantly in companied with the cultivar breeding years, the winter wheat cultivars and the southern group get less and the spring wheat cultivars get more; The kernels increased in company with the cultivar breeding years, the winter wheat cultivars has the largest change extent, the change extent of the spring wheat cultivars is moderate, the southern group had the smallest change extent; the 1000- grains weight increased in company with the cultivar breeding years, the southern group had the largest change extent, the change extent of the winter wheat cultivars is moderate, the spring wheat cultivars has the smallest change extent; The production increased with the cultivar breeding years, the winter wheat cultivars has the largest change extent, the change of the spring wheat cultivars is moderate, the southern wheat cultivars has the smallest change extent.