Comparison Of Soybean Yield And Quality Traits In Different Regions Of China

The sample survey of130and141soybean agri-technology demonstration countiesin18and20provinces (autonomous regions) of China was conducted in2010and2011respectively. On the survey, soybean yield data and yield related traits data of technologydemonstration counties was collected, and the key yield limiting factors in differentproduction regions were determined with stepwise multiple regression analysis.Meanwhile, protein and fat contents of some samples collected in2010were examinedby using near-infrared spectrometer.The main results were as follows:In2010and2011, soybean sowing dates of Northeast region (NER, smallest) werein middle third of May, Northwest region(NWR) were mostly on1~20of May, HuangHuai Hai (HHH) region were on middle third of Jun, South China were in last third ofMay (2011) and middle third of Jun (2010). Range of sowing dates of HHH weresmallest, NER and NWR were in the middle, South were the biggest.In2010, the plant density was the highest in Northeast, middle in Northwest andHHH regions, and the lowest in South China. Fot the coefficient of variation (C.V), NWRwere biggest than others, the second biggest were NER, and the South were bigger thanHHH region. The order of plant density in2011was NER (highest), HHH, NWR, South(lowest) regions. For the range of C.V, South region were biggest, NWR were second,HHH region were smallest.In2010and2011, soybean yield was the highest in NWR, the second highest in theNER and the lowest in the South region. The order of C.V in these years has different.NER were maximum, South region were second maximum and HHH region wereminimum in2010. South region were largest, NWR were next and NER were smallest.According to the occurrence frequency of soybean varieties in different region in2010and2011, soybean variety distribution had strong regionality, a variety rarelyappeared in different regions. Landraces occupied a certain proportion of sampled, thepercent of landraces in total samples in NER was1.20%, that of NWR was4.45%, inHHH region it was3.27%. The landrace proportion of South region was higher than otherregions, which was21.61%.Among agronomic and yield-related traits in2010and2011, NER, NWR, HHH and South regions were listed in descending order of plant height; the pod and seed numbersper plant has strong linear relation, the correlation coefficients was0.852**（2010）and0.909**（2011） respectively. And the pod and seed numbers per plant has the samechange trend in different production regions, arranging from maximum to minimum wasSouth, Northwest, HHH and Northeast in2010and Northwest, South, HHH andNortheast in2011. The100-seed weight was heaviest in HHH, the second in Northwestand lighter in the Northeast and South China.The order of standardized regression coefficients in the NER was seed number perplant> plant density>100-seed weight; That was plant density> seed number perplant> plant height>100-seed weight in the NWR; In HHH, it was plant density> seednumber per plant>100-seed weight> pod number per plant; In South China, it was seednumber per plant> plant density>100-seed weight.The average protein content of samples collected in2010was41.54%, averagecontent of fat was19.7%and the average content of total protein plus fat was61.27%.The difference range of fat content (7.06%) was less than difference range of total proteinplus fat (11.98%) and proteins (17.4%). The distribution of protein content was normalskew distribution, peak period in40-42%, high-protein variety samples which werehigher than45%occupied11.27%in total sample numbers. The peak of fat contentdistribution in19-20%, and the sample which were higher than22%in fat content onlyoccupied1.21%in total samples. Peak of total protein plus fat content distribution in60-62%period, double-use type varieties account21.56%in total sample numbers.The order of protein content of samples from different regions was South (highest),HHH region, NWR and NER (smallest), arrange of C.V from maximum to minimum wasNWR, South region, HHH and NER. Protein content of NER was mainly centralized in38-42%period, peak period in38-39%. The first peak of protein content distribution inNWR was40-42%, the second peak was48-49%. The distribution of protein content ofHHH region has centralized. The major peak of South region was in44-45%period.The fat content was highest in NER, middle in HHH and NWR, and lowest in Southregion, the range of C.V from biggest to smallest was South, NWR, HHH and NER. Thefat content of NER was centralized in19-21%, and peak period in19-20%. Main peak offat content in NWR was19-20%period, secondary peak was21.5-22.5%. The peak of fat content of HHH region were20-20.5%period. In South region, fat content werecentralized in17-20%, peak was in17.2-18.2%.South, HHH, NWR and NER were listed in descending order of total protein plus fatcontent. The order of C.V was NWR (maximum), South region, HHH and NER(minimum). Total protein plus fat of NER were mainly centralized in58.5-61.5%period,peak period in59-59.5%. Peak of NWR was60-61.5%period. The peak of HHH regionwas62.5-63%. The Total protein plus fat of South region were generally higher, peak in63-64%, and sample whose total protein plus fat content higher than63%were accountfor69.44%in total samples in South region.