Research On Landscape Morphology Of Ancient Villages In Jingmai

The people who inhabit in Jingmai Village, Lancang County, Yunnan Province, are mainly of Dai Nationality. Interacting with the special environment of Jingmai Mountain, their ancients have built up unique dry-land mountain villages and folk houses in the long survival and propagation. The buildings are so special among all of these traditional Dai architectures in Yunnan Province. Due to the remote location and undeveloped transportation, the primitive form of Jingmai Village has been preserved well. Therefore, the traditional culture and religious belief of Dai, together with the location, topography, material,water and other factors, have impacted on the formation of Jingmai’s unique landscape pattern. The site-selection and land-use embodies the unique approach of modifying and adapting the terrain. Also, the building monocoque, the assemblage features of group and their layout all reflect the distinctive characters of Jingmai Village. With the conclusion of Jingmai Village’s landscape and architecture form, this paper supplements the research of the Dry-land Dai village in Yunnan Province, and could also provide references for minority villages’planning in the future.Based on the related theories of landscape morphology of traditional villages, and through field research of Jingmai Village’s environment, landscape and architecture features and spatial layouts, in this paper I analyze and summarize the morphological features and the existing problems during the recent years, and then put forward protecting and developing measures for the villages. The conclusions of this study are as follows:1. The site-selection and layout of Jingmai Village are well adapted to the natural environment. The Dai people make maximally use of the existing terrain, and hold the overall planning and design concept of keeping in line with local conditions.2. Jingmai’s Manggeng,Kanben, Dazhai and Nuogai,the four dry-land ancient Dai villages constrained by the terrain, separately take different flat forms and spatial forms, which sequentially are the free pattern, the scattered pattern, the networks pattern and the spindle shape pattern.3. The Jingmai Village Architecture consists of folk houses and temples. The ancient villages’internal architecture are mainly Balustrade Buildings. They have unique local appearances, appropriate sizes and flexible functions, which reflect their simple but elegant style. The Buddha temples are for religion and gathering. They are sited freely and have plentiful scenery. Their architecture style embodies the local ethnic characteristics and religious symbols.4. Jingmai’s ancient villages have distinct morphological features, and been preserved in good condition. Thus, they have relatively high historical conservation value, architectural aesthetic value and scientific research value. The protection measures should be combined with local natural environment and the indigenous people’s culture, and give the villages holistic protection on the premise of preserving these villages’ morphological ecological capacity. And then the existing ancient buildings should be graded and classified, then given different protections.