The Cultural Analysis Of Liukeng Traditional Rural Settlement Landscape In Lean County Of Jiangxi Province

Restricted by factors such as economy and transportation, lots of original rural settlements are still hidden behind purdah that very few people know them. Liukeng village is just the model. It has lasted for more than thousands of years, with rich historical culture, architectural beauty of art and high research value, which is rare in Jiangxi province and even in China. Researching on it, and then from a point to the surface, has a realistic significance to the protection, inheritance and development of the similar traditional rural settlements in Jiangxi province. Besides this, it also plays an active role in the protection of Jiangxi culture which is under the impact of modern strong culture.Based on reading all kinds of literatures and making an on-the-spot investigation in Liukeng village, this paper started from the viewpoint of cultural anthropology, and used the trichotomy of Molinowski culture to dig deeper the culture of traditional rural settlement landscape and discuss the influence which culture makes on the composition of settlement landscape. The results of the study are as follows.The culture constitution of Liukeng traditional rural settlement landscape can be divide into three levels, the material level, the institutional level and the spiritual level.(1) The material level culture contains the effect which natural resources, climate conditions, geographical factors have on the settlement landscape, and the response that the landscape culture makes to settlement environment. The rich resources of wood and stone determine villagers’main economic activities, and gestate special culture of stone. At the same time, using of these natural materials limit the plane form and mass of traditional residence, and almost of them are low buildings with through-jointed frame which have small span. In traditional residence, the structure of plinth and long overhang eaves, the dwellings, the setting of high window and eyes and the layout of drainage system are adaptive response to climate conditions which made by villagers.(2) The institutional level culture main contains two parts, social institution level culture and religious system level culture. The former, such as land system, patriarchal clan system, Confucian ethical code, imperial examination system, main influences the life modality and landscape form of settlement, and it forms characteristics of agricultural civilization particularly in small peasant economy,social power structure with clan paramountcy, a large number of memorial cultural buildings and so on. The latter, such as exorcism culture, multi-theism, taoist culture, foreign religious cultures and so on, main effects on the space form of settlement, and it derivatives the space of theatrical stage, the space of people-god cohabitation, the religious space and so on.(3) The spiritual level culture main expresses the relationship between ideological concept and settlement landscape. It contains the effect which Yanggong geomantic omen, the traditional defense thought and the natural aesthetic conception make on site selection and space layout of settlement, and the interaction between Wang’s study of heart which develops into the tool of strengthening social power structure and the social relationship of settlement.